passive to active Flashcards
what is the natural event?
asteroid impact, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption. they are inevitable.
what are quasi-natural events?
drought, cyclone, flood, wildfire, tornado, landslide. Is semi inevitable?
what are human-caused events?
industrial accident, transport accident, air pollution.
what is the main area of the highest natural events?
ring of fire around the pacific plate,
what are active tectonic pathways?
where major earthquakes and tsunamis occur. they come hand in hand.
what is the anatomy of a tsunami?
an earthquake vertically shifted the seabed by several metres. displacing hundreds of kilometres of seawater. the larger waves began rippling across the ocean away from the earthquake epicentre.
what happens when a tsunami hits shallow coastal areas?
when in deep waters, moves 800 lm/h, when it approaches shallower water, it shows down but increases in height.
what are the potential risks between climate change and volcanism?
there is an indirect effect of warming up the earth’s atmosphere and how active volcanoes are. ice is heavy and therefore when it melts, the earth relaxes a little. the crust comes back and crust flexes. the rapid change in pressure which causes decompression in the mantle.
what happens if you increase the forcing of these disasters?
if you make the global temperature warmer, then the feedbacks will be more intense and they will get worse.
what happens if you increase the defences?
increases exposure and vulnerability, sometimes they come in trains etc. safe development paradox feedback. if you make something safe, the perception is you can increase the infrastructure near the levees etc. more exposure and therefore unsafe.
what are the 6 cascading effects?
driver sharing, domino effect, hidden feedback, hidden feedback and driver sharing, domino sharing and hidden feedback.
what is urban interface?
building to building
what are normal accidents?
multiple and unexpected failures are built into complex and tightly coupled systems. can be designed around.
what is the largest cause of failures?
technology.
what is a system that is complex?
made of components parts that interact with eachother.
