geoengineering

Question 1

what is geoengineering?

Answer 1

large scale efforts to diminish climate change resulting from greenhouse gases, that ave already been released to the atmosphere.

Question 2

what are the 2 types of geoengineering?

Answer 2

solar and carbon dioxide removal

Question 3

what is solar engineering?

Answer 3

SRM solar radiation management. trying to reduce the amount of comate change produced by greenhouse gas concentrations. masking and raises novel global scale governance and environmental issues.

Question 4

what does SRM stand for?

Answer 4

solar radiation management

Question 5

what is carbon dioxide removal

Answer 5

CDR. removing it from the atmosphere. raises issues related to scaling, cost, effectiveness, and local environmental consequences.

Question 6

what does CDR stand for?

Answer 6

carbon dioxide removal

Question 7

what are the impacts of SRM methods?

Answer 7

solar irradiance is reduced by space-based SRM, it will reflect a certain number of energy back. clouds can also bounce it back. can also be absorbed by the atmosphere.

Question 8

how much sunlight per square metre does the earth absorb?

Answer 8

240 W

Question 9

how many rays do you need to get rid of to reduce changes in climate change?

Answer 9

1.7% of the rays

Question 10

what would help aid more reflection back into the atmosphere?

Answer 10

white roofs, reflective crops, increase oceans reflectance, brightening marine clouds, atmospheric aerosols, satellites in space.

Question 11

how can you increase oceans reflectance?

Answer 11

big floating ponds of reflective balls

Question 12

what are marine clouds?

Answer 12

clouds where there isnt any humans, you can make then whiter.

Question 13

what happened in 1816?

Answer 13

year without the summer in USA and northern Europe and Mediterranean.

Question 14

what happened in 1815?

Answer 14

Mount Tambura volcano erupted. most powerful in history.

Question 15

what happens to the stratospheric aerosol when there’s a volcanic eruption>

Answer 15

a little bit of cooling in each case. you get a big drop in solar radiation transiossion right away. however, it all dissipates and climbs back up again.

Question 16

RS criteria

Answer 16

effectiveness, timeliness, satefy, cost.

Question 17

what are stratospheric aerosols and its RS criteria?

Answer 17

there are very dangerous due to the RS critera. not affordable, not effective

Question 18

what is surface albedo and its RS criteria?

Answer 18

low effectiveness, really expensive, very safe, takes a long time. would have to cover 10% of land to achieve effect

Question 19

what are space-based methods and their RS criteria?

Answer 19

very effective, very low on affordability, very low timeliness, medium safety. this is when a refractor made on the moon of a hundred million tonnes of lunar gas wants to be put in outer space. the mesh of all threads of thin metallic disks, stacked into millions.

Question 20

what is the termination effect?

Answer 20

the consequences of a sudden halt or failure of the geoengineering system.

Question 21

what could termination effect lead to for SRM?

Answer 21

failure could lead to rapid warming which would be difficult to adapt to, and the climate that would’ve occurred in the absence of geoengineering

Question 22

what is the sudden failure of a solar enginerring scheme cause?

Answer 22

extreme warming- worse off tha before.

Question 23

what would happen if non-geoengineering was to be used?

Answer 23

warming- but gradually.

Question 24

what would it cause if we deployed of such system?

Answer 24

viewed as an intergeneratioal transfer of the risk of abrupt termination. if we pu tit into moton, we are saying tha every generation after us has to keep it going. you cannot turn it off.

Question 25

what is CO2 removal RS criteria?

Answer 25

too expensive, low effect, medium time, high safety.

Question 26

what are the problems with carbon dioxide removal?

Answer 26

land use for afforestation, biomass energy with caron capture storage- problem with food production, direct CO2 air capture pumped into reservoirs underground, manufactured carbonate minerals using silicate ricks and CO2 from the air. accelerated chemical weathering of rocks changes ocean acidification- iron filings in the ocean. ocean fertilization.

Question 27

how does CO2 removal affect the oceans?

Answer 27

change in ocean alkalinity, iron filings put into the ocean. primary producers in the ocean bloom, and when they die, sink into the deep ocean and take the carbon with them, not very effective.