the "safe development" paradox Flashcards
what is the coupled-system argument?
building defences tend to destroy natural “defensive” environments. this tends to make hazard impacts worse, which encourages more defences.
what happens if more homes and infrastructures get built in a hazardous environment?
the more they drive investment in hazard defences. the more defence- the more development behind them.
what happens to levee when an event occurs?
levee hight increases and the tax revenue decreases when this occurs.
why is the coupled system a continuous circle?
as the next disaster that happens is more severe bur recovers more rapidly, and then more protection comes up which further increases causes of events.
why are these events becomes more important?
as the coastal watershed and shorelike countries are increasing massively.
how many countries per person/mile squares has been added in coastal shoreline?
125
how many countries per person/mile squares has been added in coastal watershed?
99
what percentage have house size increased at the coast?
125% since 1960
what natural hazards come to the coast?
sea-level rise, storm frequency, magnitude increase. only make storms worse.
what is the disaster paradox?
greater losses in part due to hazards getting worse, more people in harm’s way, generally more infrastructure.
what is driving this development of housing?
positive feeback between development and protection.
how many properties in England are at rsk of damage from coastal flooding?
520,000
how many propterties in Uk are at risk of being lost through coastal erosion?
8,900
what is the samage sum from flooding and erosion on an average year?
260 million pounds
by 2080, how many more properties will be at significant flood risk?
1.5 million
how many km of roads will be at risk of coastal flooding or erosion by 2100?
1,600 km
how many km of railway line will be at risk of coastal flooding or erosion by 2100?
650 km
how many railway stations will be at risk of coastal flooding or erosion by 2100?
92
how many historical landfill sites will be at risk of coastal flooding or erosion by 2100?
55
what is the prime example of this?
florida
what are floridas 3 shorelines called?
gulf, florida, and atlantic.
how do beach nourishing events help?
allows more nourishing zones on the coast where the more events occur.
what trend is there in Florida to show mwan house size through the years?
gradual but distinctive increase in housing sizes from pre 1960 to 2010, on all sides of the coast.
what does the increase in mean house sixe show about florida?
every time there is a disaster, people build even more houses.
what areas shows building back bigger?
footprints (m^2)
