Water Requirements & Fluid Balance

Question 0

Wet bulb globe temperature

Answer 0

Comprehensive index of environmental heat stress

Question 1

Dehydration

Answer 1

Reduction in body water content

Question 2

Radiation

Answer 2

Transfer of heat by emission from one object to another

Question 3

Hypothalamus

Answer 3

The central thermal controller or “thermostat” of the body

Question 4

Euhydration

Answer 4

Normal state of body water

Question 5

Reactive oxygen species’s

Answer 5

Can cause damage to cellular membranes making them leaky

Question 6

Endotoxins

Answer 6

Bacterial toxins from gut that can be released into circulation

Question 7

Convection

Answer 7

Exchange of heat between a solid object and one that moves

Question 8

Hyperthermia

Answer 8

Potentially dangerous rise in body temperature

Question 9

Heat syncope

Answer 9

Loss of consciousness related to heat injury

Question 10

True or false?
Water accounts for 50% – 60% of total body mass with adipose tissue containing more water by mass then lean body tissues?

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Water loss occurs through?

4

Answer 11

1) respiration
2) skin – evaporation of sweat
3) feces
4) urine

Question 12

Water gain occurs through:

3

Answer 12

1) ingestion of fluids
2) ingestion of food
3) metabolic breakdown of macronutrients

Question 13

_________ generally begins when body temperature reaches 39.5°C (103°F)

Answer 13

Central (Brain) fatigue

Question 14

List four factors that directly dictate environmental heat stress

Answer 14

A) ambient temperature
B) relative humidity
C) Wind velocity
D) Solar radiation

Question 15

True or false?

Body heat transferred into a relatively cool bench used to rest on during interval sprints is an example of conduction.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

High ambient temperature in high humidity = high risk for _________ & ________

Answer 16

Dehydration and hyperthermia

Question 17

A wetbulb globes temperature (WBGT) is derived from a special device containing multiple thermometers that measures what specific components of heat stress?

Answer 17

A) humidity
B).radiation
C) ambient temperature

Question 18

The hypothalamus, or thermostat of the body, can stimulate ________ and the initiation of ______ to allow for optimal dissipation of heat

Answer 18

Cutaneous dilation, sweating

Question 19

List five physiological effects that occurred during dehydration that have an adverse effect on exercise performance

Answer 19

A) reduction of blood volume
B) decreased skin blood flow
C) decreased heat dissipation
D) increased core temperature
E) increased rate of muscle glycogen use

Question 20

True or false?
Reliance on thirst as the signal to drink is not optimal as a degree of hydration sufficient to impair performance can occur before the desire for fluid intake is evident

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Environmental heat stress is dictated by each of the following except?

A) ambient temperature
B) core radiation
C) relative humidity
D) Wind velocity

Answer 21

B) Core radiation

Question 22

Which of the following modes of potential heat loss is severely limited when training in a humid environment?

A) radiation
B) conduction
C) convection
D) evaporation

Answer 22

D) evaporation

Question 23

How much water can a fit Ashley potentially lose each hour in the form of sweat when engaging in strenuous training in the hot environment?

A) 0.5 L/hour
B) 1.0 L/hour
C) 1.5–2.0 L/hour
D) 2.0–3.0 L/hour

Answer 23

D) 2.0–3.0 L/hour

Question 24

Which of the following is not a physiological adaptation that occurs as an athlete acclimates to training in the heat?

A) blood volume increases
B) in earlier onset of sweating
C) an increase in the number of sweat glands
D) an increase in the capacity for blood flow to the skin

Answer 24

C) an increase in the number of sweat glands

Question 25

Water loss of 5% of total body weight can decrease the capacity for work by what percentage?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Answer 25

C) 30%

Question 26

Which of the following issues is related to heat syncope?

A) endotoxemia
B) enhanced heat dissipation
C) Hyperhydration
D) Low electrolytes

Answer 26

A) endotoxemia

Question 27

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for heat injury/illness?

A) obesity
B) excessive sleep (>10hrs)
C) Low physical fitness
D) lack of acclimatization

Answer 27

B) excessive sleep (>10hrs)

Question 28

Which of the following supplements me enhance fluid retention during hyperhydration?

A) caffeine
B) glutamine
C) glycerol
D) lactose

Answer 28

C) glyceryl

Question 29

Which of the following is not an optimal attribute of fluid consumption during prolonged events (>1hour)

A) The fluid should be cooler than the ambient temperature
B) fluid should be ingested at a rate of 600–1200 ML/hour
C) The fluid should contain sodium
D) The fluid should be hypertonic with respect to blood plasma

Answer 29

D) The fluid should be hypertonic with respect to blood plasma

Question 30

Which of the following describes the optimal intake of fluids to allow hyperhydration prior to prolonged competitive event in the heat?

The athlete should consume:
A) 1–2 ML of fluid per kilogram of BW about 2 hours prior to the event
B) 3–5 ML of fluid per kilogram of BW about 1 hour prior to the event
C) 6-8 ML of fluid per kilogram of body weight about 2 hours prior to the event
D) 8–10 ML of fluid per kilogram of body weight about 3 hours prior to the event

Answer 30

C) 6-8 ML of fluid per kilogram of body weight about 2 hours prior to the event

Question 31

Hydration

Answer 31

Relates to the balance between water intake and water loss