Nutrition And Training Adaptations

Question 0

Energy charge

Answer 0

Ratio of ATP and its metabolites (ADP, ANP, Pi) in the cell

Question 1

Gene transcription

Answer 1

DNA replication and translation onto new proteins

Question 2

Overreaching

Answer 2

Short-term decrement in performance capacity

Question 3

NSAIDs might interfere with?

Answer 3

Might interfere with protein synthesis

Question 4

IGF is activated and elevated by?

Answer 4

Activated by elevated Ca2+

Question 5

True or false?
The complex process of exercise induced adaptation in skeletal muscle starts with specific molecular events that trigger an increase in protein synthesis

Answer 5

True

Question 6

List 4 actions that occurred during exercise which can initiate molecular responses that generate adaptations

Answer 6

A) Changes occur in muscle stretch or tension
B) changes occur in intracellular calcium ion concentrations
C) changes occur in the energy charge of muscle cell
D) changes occur in the energy (redox) potential of the muscle cell

Question 7

_______ serves to communicate modification of muscle cell function and is therefore translated into newly synthesized proteins to generate adaptation

Answer 7

mRNA

Question 8

Gene expressions (actions on muscle DNA that generate adaptation) seems to peak within ______ after exercise depending on the gene and type of exercise performed

Answer 8

4-12 hours

Question 9

True or false?
Research has shown that training with low muscle glycogen might increase the potential for training adaptations do to triggered reactions such as elevated AMPK activity, but is unclear if this results in performance improvements.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

A ______ can reduce or delay symptoms of overreaching, but not completely prevent them

Answer 10

High carbohydrate diet

Question 11

List 5 potential symptoms of overtraining or overreaching

Answer 11

Drop in performance, washed out feeling, tired, drained, lack of energy, leg discomfort, general aches and pains in muscles and joints, sleeping problems, insomnia, headaches, decreased immunity, decreased in training capacity or intensity, inability to complete training sessions, moodiness, irritability, and or depression, loss of enthusiasm for a given sport, decreased appetite, eating problems, increased incidence of injury, reduced maximal lactate and heart rate, elevated resting and sleeping heart rate, no increase in cortisol in response to stressful doubt of exercise

Question 12

Endurance training primarily increases protein synthesis related to which of the following components of the muscle tissue?
A) myofibrils
B) mitochondria
C) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) T – tubules

Answer 12

B) mitochondria

Question 13

Training adaptations and skeletal muscle are ultimately generated by the cumulative effects of temporary ______ during recovery. Between repeated bouts of exercise.

A) increase in lactate and H+ concentration in muscle tissue
B) increase of calcium ion concentration in muscle cytoplasm
C) increase in gene transcription on to new proteins
D) increases in ATP concentration in muscle tissue

Answer 13

C) increase in gene transcription on to new proteins

Question 14

Which of the following triggers during exercise can induce the hypertrophy – promoting cytopenic known as insulin like growth factor (IGF)

A) decreased intracellular calcium ion concentration
B) decreased AMPK activity
C) Low reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity
D) changes in muscle tension or stretch

Answer 14

D) changes in muscle tension or stretch

Question 15

Changes in protein synthesis (potential adaptation) can begin within hours after exercise but have been shown to last as long as

Answer 15

48 hours

Question 16

Which of the following compounds that influence molecular signaling (leading to adaptation) cannot function properly with high dosage antioxidants?

A) leucine
B) ROS
C) glycogen
D) glutamine

Answer 16

B) ROS

Question 17

The use of medications such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen for muscle soreness has been shown to potentially suppress protein synthesis by interfering with which of the following processes.

A) inflammatory responses that occur after exercise
B) calcium flux back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after exercise
C) flushing of H+ out of working tissue after exercise
D) mitochondrial energy production

Answer 17

A) inflammatory responses that occur after exercise

Question 18

Which of the following selections is not a symptom directly related to overtraining?

A) lack of energy
B) insomnia
C) increased appetite
D) elevated resting heart rate

Answer 18

C) increased appetite

Question 19

Which of the following is not an explicit signal or factor influencing the gross, metabolism, and creation of new muscle proteins

A) heat
B) presence of ROS
C) nutrient availability
D) pH in the muscle

Answer 19

A) heat

Question 20

Which of the following could, in part, initiate increased AMPK activity within muscle cells which in turn can enhance energy metabolism through glucose uptake and fatty acid breakdown?

A) high ATP concentration within muscle tissue
B) high calcineurin concentration within muscle tissue
C) Low AMP concentration within muscle tissue
D) high ADP concentration within muscle tissue

Answer 20

D) high ADP concentration within muscle tissue