Fuel Sources For Muscle And Exercise Metabolism

Question 0

What do T-tubules do?

Answer 0

Transports action potential to sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 1

What is sarcomere?

Answer 1

Contractile unit of the muscle fiber

Question 2

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 2

Transports oxygen

Question 3

What does Interleukin - 6 do?

Answer 3

Cytokine that stimulates glycogen breakdown.

Question 4

What is actin?

Answer 4

Thin myofilaments

Question 5

What is lipolysis?

Answer 5

Metabolism of fat stores

Question 6

What is ATPase?

Answer 6

An enzyme that breaks down ATP for energy

Question 7

What is Myosin?

Answer 7

Thick myofilaments

Question 8

What is the TCA cycle?

Answer 8

Aerobic metabolism that occurs in the mitochondrion.

Question 9

What does Tropomyosin do?

Answer 9

Tropomyosin is a protein filament that blocks binding sites on actin.

Question 10

______ muscle fibers have fast contractile speed capability within oxidative capacity that makes them moderately resistant to fatigue.

Answer 10

Type IIa

Question 11

Muscle fibers are recruited by size and speed in the following order:
_____, then ______, and finally ______ when needed.

Answer 11

Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx

Question 12

List the three primary sources of energy metabolism (modes of ATP resynthesis) in the order they occur based on activity duration.

Answer 12

PCr hydrolysis
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic metabolism)

Question 13

True or false:

PCr provides energy that is sufficient to feel short duration, high intensity exercise such as interval sprints.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

True or false:

Hydrogen ions released during glycolysis lower the pH level in muscle, increasing enzyme activity.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

List 4 sources of energy storage in the human body

Answer 15

Liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, blood glucose, fat, protein

Question 16

Fat stores provide fuel at a rate that can maintain exercise intensity up to ____ VO2max

Answer 16

60%

Question 17

Hormone Insulin:
Source: _______
Stimuli for activation:______
Actions:_______

Answer 17

Insulin:
Source: Pancreas
Stimuli for activation: rise in glucose and amino acids.
Actions: glucose and amino acids uptake, inhibits lipolysis and protein breakdown.

Question 18

Hormone Epinephrine:
Source: _______
Stimuli for activation:______
Actions:_______

Answer 18

Epinephrine:
Source: medulla of adrenal glands & the ends of sympathetic nerve fibers
Stimuli for activation: stress and drop in blood glucose.
Actions: glycogen breakdown, lipolysis in adipose tissue.

Question 19

Hormone Cortisol:
Source: _______
Stimuli for activation:______
Actions:_______

Answer 19

Cortisol:
Source: Adrenal cortex
Stimuli for activation: stress, hormone activators
Actions: stimulates protein breakdown and lipolysis.

Question 20

Growth hormone:
Source: _______
Stimuli for activation:______
Actions:_______

Answer 20

Growth hormone:
Source: anterior pituitary gland
Stimuli for activation: stress
Actions: liver glycogen breakdown, lipolysis and adipose tissue, cortisol secretion.

Question 21

True or false:

Glycogen depletion is the limiting factor for fatigue during prolonged, submaximal exercise?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

List to muscular adaptations to aerobic training that improve endurance capacity.

Answer 22

A. Increased capillary density
B. increased mitochondrial size and quantity
C. increased activity of the TCA cycle and oxidative enzymes
D. increase capacity to use fat as an energy source, spares glycogen,
E. increased cross-sectional Area of Type I fibers
F. decreased lactate accumulation
G. increased cardiac output
H. VO2 Max and oxygen delivery to working muscle
I. attenuated stress hormone responses that delete glycogen.

Question 23

Which of the following structures function to store calcium for use during muscular contractions?

A. Sarcomere
B. Myosin
C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
D. Myoglobin

Answer 23

C. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

Type I muscle fibers do NOT present with which of the following characteristics? A. Slow contraction right B. Hi capacity for oxidative metabolism C. Capability to perform repeated contractions for a long period of time. D. Low capillary density

Answer 24

D. Low capillary density

Question 25

Which of the following fiber types would be found in the highest proportion in a postural muscle such as the Soleus? A. Type I fibers B. Type IIa fibers C. Type IIx fibers D. Type III fibers

Answer 25

A. Type I fibers

Question 26

Which of the following selections is the ultimate source of energy for all muscular work? A. PCr B. ATP C. Glycogen D. Fatty acid's

Answer 26

B. ATP

Question 27

Which of the following systems of metabolism involve the breakdown of carbohydrate without the presence of oxygen to fuel high intensity, shorter duration exercise? A. B-oxidation B. PCr hydrolysis C. Glycolysis D. Lipolysis

Answer 27

C. Glycolysis

Question 28

Normal resting glycogen stores are usually depleted after which of the following durations of continuous intense exercise? A. 30 - 45 minutes B. 1 – 2 hours C. 3.5 – 5.0 hours D. Glycogen stores are rarely depleted.

Answer 28

B. 1 - 2 hours

Question 29

Energy levels within muscle are regulated by each of the following except? A. Enzymatic reactions B. Sympathetic nervous system activity C. Hormonal activity D. Lactate synthesis

Answer 29

D. Lactate synthesis

Question 30

Which of the following hormones stimulate liver glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in response to a drop in blood glucose levels? A. Insulin B. Interleukin -6 C. Glucagon D. Growth hormone

Answer 30

C. Glucagon

Question 31

Which of the following is the primary cause of fatigue during high-intensity exercise lasting 1 to 5 minutes? A. PCr depletion B. Fat depletion C. Hydrogen ion accumulation D. Acetyl-coA accumulation

Answer 31

C. Hydrogen ion accumulation

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a muscular adaptation to aerobic training? A. Increased mitochondrial size and quantity B. Increased cross-sectional area of type I muscle fibers C. Increased capacity to use fat as an energy source during submaximal efforts D. Increased short-term glycolytic Energy delivery systems.

Answer 32

D. Increased short-term glycolytic Energy delivery systems.