Nutrition Supplements

Question 0

Vanadium

Answer 0

Appears to be useful for type 2 diabetes

Question 1

Boron

Answer 1

Found to increase bone mineral density among postmenopausal women

Question 2

Caffeine

Answer 2

Can reduce the perceived exertion of exercise

Question 3

Chlorine

Answer 3

Erogenic benefit claims based on in Vitro studies

Question 4

HMB

Answer 4

Might be useful for clinical muscle wasting conditions

Question 5

Yohimbine

Answer 5

a2-adrenoreceptor blocker purported to increase testosterone

Question 6

Creatine can be found in

Answer 6

Primary dietary sources include red meat and fish

Question 7

Glycerol

Answer 7

Must be consumed with relatively large quantities of water to be effective

Question 8

Glandulars

Answer 8

Metabolized during digestion and inactive when absorbed

Question 9

Sodium citrate

Answer 9

Functions to buffer H+ from the blood

Question 10

List 4 factors to consider when evaluating the research claims of a specific supplement

Answer 10

Does the study have a clear specific hypothesis?
Was the study implemented on cells, muscle, animals or humans?
Is the population for which claims are applied identical to the population examined in the study?
Were external variables controlled?
Was the study placebo controlled?
Were adequate techniques used?
We’re the trials randomized?
Was a crossover design used?
Was participant assignment random?
Do other studies come from the findings?
Was the study peer – reviewed?

Question 11

True or false?
You nutrition supplements have proven benefits related to performance, recovery, or effects on body weight or composition?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Research has reported a decrease in healthy HDL cholesterol with use of _________

Answer 12

Androstenedione

Question 13

True or false?
Even though inosine has been purported to improve strength, training quality, and overall performance, research has shown it to be a potentially ergolytic compound.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

________ is often referred to as a vitamin B15 but is not a vitamin or is sensual nutrient, and has no known function in the body.

Answer 14

Pangamic Acid

Question 15

________ could enhance the availability of an important fuel source for the heart and skeletal muscle but has not been found to be a practical ergogenic aid as increases in performance can only occur at ingestion rates that are not tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 15

Polylactate

Question 16

List three supplements that have been clearly proven in research to be effective ergogenic aids

Answer 16

Caffeine, creatine, glycerol, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate

Question 17

Or false?
Current legislation does Little to protect athletes and other consumers from insufficiently labeled, missed labeled, contaminated, or even unsafe ingredients in the dietary supplements.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What 3 factors can influence the erogenic effectiveness of creatine for a given athlete?

Answer 18

A) Initial muscle creatine concentrations
B) The type of exercise or sport engaged in
C) current fitness level and training status of the athlete

Question 19

List 2 tensional side effects of glycerol supplementation

Answer 19

nausea, heartache, headache, blurred vision, gastrointestinal problems, dizziness, bloating due to the necessity to ingest large quantities of water

Question 20

Which of the following statements related to nutritional supplement claims is INCORRECT?

A) many claims are not backed by Scientific study
B) many claims declare unrealistic affects
C) many claims stem from independent research
D) many claims are strictly regulated by the FDA through testing

Answer 20

D) many claims are strictly regulated by the FDA through testing

Question 21

Which of the following nutritional supplements claim to be a useful ergogenic Aid simply contains a mixture of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids and has been found to be ineffective?

A) Carnitine
B) Fish oil
C) Bee pollen
D) Glandulars

Answer 21

C) bee pollen

Question 22

Which of the following nutritional supplements has been found to be useful for promoting recovery from cardiac surgery but is not proven to be ineffective ergogenic aid for healthy adults?

A) coenzyme Q10
B) lecithin
C) Yohimbine
D) wheat germ oil

Answer 22

A) coenzyme Q10

Question 23

Which of the following nutritional supplements is commonly marketed as an “adaptogen” (substance that helps the body deal with stress?)

A) pangamic acid
B) ginseng
C) DHA
D) creatine

Answer 23

B) ginseng

Question 24

Which of the following nutritional supplements is actually a precursor of testosterone and estradiol that is internally synthesize during early adulthood by the adrenal cortex?

A) pyruvate
B) phosphatidylserine
C) glycerol
D) DHEA

Answer 24

D) DHEA

Question 25

Which of the following is not a suggested mechanism of action related to the ergogenic effects of caffeine?

A) caffeine increases libel lysis and spares muscle glycogen
B) caffeine may increase the excitation threshold for motor neuron recruitment
C) caffeine increases excitability of muscle fibers by increasing calcium released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) caffeine stimulates the release of catecholamines and other neurotransmitters that could possibly result in decreased perception of effort

Answer 25

B) caffeine may increase the excitation threshold for motor neuron recruitment

Question 26

Which of the following statements related to the ergogenic affects of creatine is incorrect?

A) creatine supplementation can improve long distance endurance training by increasing motor unit efficiency
B) creatine supplementation can improve force production when performing multiple sets of bench press
C) creatine supplementation can improve repeat sprint performance and recovery
D) creatine supplementation can allow for additional strength training volume and therefore improve anabolic affects.

Answer 26

A) improve long distance endurance training by increasing motor unit efficiency

Question 27

Which of the following describes a potential benefit of glycogen supplementation?

A) enhanced buffering of lactic acid
B) increased force production
C) increased water absorption and retention
D) enhanced cognitive functioning

Answer 27

C) increased water absorption and retention

Question 28

Which of the following nutritional supplements might be useful for reducing acidity within working muscle while performing high-intensity exercise for approximately five minutes

A) boron
B) androstenedione
C) inosine
D) sodium bicarbonate

Answer 28

D) sodium bicarbonate

Question 29

Which of the following substances has not been banned by the international Olympic Committee

A) ephedrine
B) chlorine
C) strychnine
D) androstenedione

Answer 29

B) chlorine