Vitamins And Minerals

Question 0

Electrolytes do what?

Answer 0

Function to conduct nerve impulses

Question 1

Free radicals

Answer 1

Contain unpaired electrons that cause oxidative damage

Question 2

Lipid peroxidation

Answer 2

Process involving the abstraction of reactive H+ from FA chains

Question 3

Copper

Answer 3

Appears to be needed for the proper use of iron

Question 4

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 4

Stimulates bone demineralization

Question 5

Hypokalemia

Answer 5

Low blood potassium

Question 6

Osteoporosis

Answer 6

Can occur with inadequate calcium intake

Question 7

Phosphate salts

Answer 7

Suggested to improve ATP resynthesis

Question 8

Vitamin C does what

Answer 8

Facilitates nonheme iron absorption

Question 9

Anemia

Answer 9

Lack of healthy red blood cells

Question 10

________ promotes calcium absorption and bone formation, deficiency is associated with brittle bones.

Answer 10

Vitamin D

Question 11

True or false?

There are 13 different a sensual vitamins, including 4 fat- soluble and 9 water soluble compounds

Answer 11

True

Question 12

List 3 vitamins for which training may increase the daily requirement.

Answer 12

Vitamins:
B2
B6
C
E
B-carotene

Question 13

Trace elements constitute less than 0.01% of total body mass and are therefore needed in daily quantities of ________

Answer 13

Less than 100 mg

Question 14

List five issues or diseases associated with in adequate minerals in the diet.

Answer 14

anemia, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, tooth decay, immune dysfunction, and increased incidence of infection

Question 15

Lost 3 Athletes that have a demand to maintain a low bodyweight

Answer 15

Gymnasts, jockeys, ballet dancers

Question 16

List 4 athletes that demand to make competition weight

Answer 16

Weight class sports, wrestling, boxing, judo

Question 17

Who has a demand for very low body fat?

Answer 17

Bodybuilders

Question 18

What athlete is at risk when consuming vegetarian diets?

Answer 18

Endurance athletes

Question 19

What athletes are at risk when training in hot, humid conditions

Answer 19

Endurance athletes

Question 20

True or false?

Alcohol and caffeine intake are considered risk factors for the development of osteoporosis

Answer 20

True

Question 21

List 4 negative effects on performance caused by exercise induced muscle damage

Answer 21

Muscle pain, soreness, stiffness, reduced range of motion, higher than normal blood lactate concentration, higher perceived exertion during exercise, loss of strength and dynamic power output that can last from 5–10 days, impaired restoration of muscle glycogen due to impaired ability to take up glucose from blood

Question 22

True or false?
Free radicals are generated in a controlled manner in response to physiological stress and may play important roles and muscle adaptation

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or false?

Large doses of vitamin C ingested by pregnant women are known to cause birth defects?

Answer 23

False

Question 24

List 4 negative effects associated with iron deficiency anemia

Answer 24

Lowered O2-carrying of blood, sensations of breathlessness on mild exertion, general lethargy, impaired mental function, impaired temperature control, weekend in unity, reduced exercise tolerance and performance

Question 25

True or false?
The average intake of sodium in the US is reported to be three times greater than the adequate intake value set for the mineral

Answer 25

True

Question 26

List five contributing risk factors for a vitamin deficiency among the elite athletes.

Answer 26

Fatiguing and time consuming demands of training, increased vitamin turnover, additional loss of some vitamins, Poor food selection, limited time for food preparation, lack of qualified dietary advice

Question 27

True or false?
Current research demonstrates that excess vitamin or mineral intake does not enhance performance unless the athlete is currently deficient or follows a very low calorie diet.

Answer 27

True.

Question 28

Which of the following vitamins can protect against the potentially damaging effects of free radicals in the body?

A) vitamin B12
B) vitamin K
C) cobalt
D) vitamin A

Answer 28

D) vitamin A

Question 29

An athlete with amenorrhea should supplement which of the following?

A) zinc
B) magnesium
C) calcium
D) vitamin C

Answer 29

C) calcium

Question 30

Which of the following statements concerning antioxidants is incorrect?

A) The body’s natural antioxidant system is enhanced as an adaptation to exercise.
B) individuals who exercise regularly have a lower incidence of disease, suggesting the benefits of regular exercise outweighs the risks of free radical medicated damage.
C) large supplemental doses of antioxidants may be beneficial for athletes who trained vigorously.
D) athletes can obtain sedition intake of natural antioxidants by consuming a balanced diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables

Answer 30

C) large supplemental doses of antioxidants may be beneficial for athletes who train vigorously

Question 31

Which of the following selections represents the average absorption range for iron in nonheme food sources?

A) 2% – 10%
B) 5% – 15%
C) 8% – 20%
D) 10% – 30%

Answer 31

A) 2% – 10%

Question 32

Which of the following electrolytes ingested in excess can have a negative effect on blood pressure?

A) potassium
B) sulfate
C) sodium
D) magnesium

Answer 32

C) sodium

Question 33

Which of the following athlete groups are at the greatest risk for vitamin deficiency?

A) Male high school wrestlers
B) female Olympic sprinters
C) female adolescent gymnast
D) male college basketball players

Answer 33

C) female adolescent gymnast

Question 34

Which of the following micronutrients has been shown to improve performance in events in which lactic acid accumulation is a major cause of fatigue?

A) Iron
B) B12
C) phosphate
D) sodium bicarbonate

Answer 34

D) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 35

Athletes who trained in hot environments should consider increasing their intake of which of the following minerals due to the significant losses that can occur during sweating?

A) calcium
B) magnesium
C) Chromium
D) fluorine

Answer 35

B) magnesium

Question 36

Which of the following micro nutrients is essential for oxygen transport?

A) Folic acid
B) iodine
C) Iron
D) chlorine

Answer 36

C) Iron

Question 37

Which of the following does not contribute to reactive oxygen species production which can cause oxidative cellular damage throughout the body?

A) high protein diet
B) aerobic processes of cellular metabolism within the mitochondria
C) cigarette smoke
D) metabolic actions of white blood cells that occurred during the eradication of foreign materials or bacteria

Answer 37

A) high protein diets