Protein

Question 0

Arginine

Answer 0

Promotes growth hormone release

Question 1

Nonessential amino acida

Answer 1

Are synthesized within the body

Question 2

Tyrosine

Answer 2

Increases circulating epinephrine

Question 3

Protein synthesis

Answer 3

Process of free amino acid assimilation into bodily proteins

Question 4

Aspartate

Answer 4

Reduces plasma ammonia accumulation during exercise

Question 5

Protein degradation

Answer 5

process of bodily protein breakdown into free amino acids

Question 6

Glycine

Answer 6

Involved in the synthesis of phosphocreatine

Question 7

Transamination

Answer 7

Transfer of an amino group to free keto – acid

Question 8

Taurine

Answer 8

Concentrations are very high in the brain and heart

Question 9

Tryptophan

Answer 9

May improve sleep as a precursor of serotonin

Question 10

List 4 forms of amino acids and proteins found in the human body

Answer 10

A) Pool of free amino acids in circulation
B) blood protein structures
C) viscera
D) skeletal muscle and connective tissue’s

Question 11

Free amino acid carriers recognize an amino acid specific ______ & _______ to allow for their transport into tissues

Answer 11

A) shape

B) Chemical properties

Question 12

True or false?
Individual amino acids can be used for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, creatine, fatty acid, glucose, or ketones

Answer 12

True

Question 13

List two reasons why protein requirements are believed to be greater for athletes

Answer 13

A) amino acid may be oxidized during exercise

B) increased protein synthesis is necessary to repair damage and form the basis of training adaptations.

Question 14

True or false?
When nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion the individual is in a positive nitrogen balance and must be retaining protein

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Method: nitrogen balance
Advantages: accurate when used over relatively long periods
Disadvantages and limitations:

Answer 15

Method: nitrogen balance
Advantages: accurate when used over relatively long periods
Disadvantages and limitations: difficult and time-consuming tends to over estimate nitrogen retention, usually ignores loss in sweat.

Question 16

Method:
Advantages: no health risk
Disadvantages and limitations: relatively expensive, sophisticated equipment needed

Answer 16

Method: stable isotopes

Question 17

Method: Arteriovenous measurements of amino acids across a tissue bed
Advantages:
Disadvantages and limitations: invasive, has high variability, depends on blood flow

Answer 17

Method:
Advantages: gives data on net exchange of amino acids, net uptake of essential amino acids related to rate of protein synthesis.
Disadvantages and limitations:

Question 18

Method: Urea concentration in urine and sweat
Advantages:
Disadvantages and limitations:

Answer 18

Method: Urea concentration in urine and sweat
Advantages: easy, relatively cheap
Disadvantages and limitations: only rough estimate, heavily affected by diet

Question 19

Identify three athletic populations that may be at increased risk for protein deficiency

Answer 19

Female runners, male wrestlers, boxers and other athletes in weight category sports, ski jumpers, male and female gymnasts, female dancers, vegetarians

Question 20

True or false?

Indy hours following exercise, protein synthesis will surpass protein breakdown only when amino acids are ingested.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false?
Supplementing BCAAs has not been proven to enhance exercise performance beyond consuming the same quantity of essential amino acids and natural food products.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Supplemental ________ is marketed to improve immune function, promote rapid water absorption from the gut, hasten recovery after exercise, and lead to fewer gastrointestinal problems, but none of these claims have been clearly demonstrated in research.

Answer 22

Glutamine

Question 23

Which of the following is the most abundant free amino acid in muscle and blood plasma?

A) BCAA
B) arginine
C) glutamine
D) taurine

Answer 23

C) glutamine

Question 24

Which of the following is not a function of protein turnover within the human body? A) The degration of damage proteins prevents a decline in their function B) Energy pro vision C) synthesis of necessary compound such as neurotransmitters and hormones D) stimulate the liberation of glycerol from adipose and intramuscular triglycerides

Answer 24

D) stimulate the liberation of glycerol from adipose an intramuscular triglycerides

Question 25

When an amino acid undergoes oxidative deamination to enter the TCA cycle for energy, which of the following compounds is formed as a byproduct of that must be extracted by the kidneys? A) epinephrine B) ammonia (NH3) C) Keto - acids D) ketones

Answer 25

B) ammonia (NH3)

Question 26

Which of the following describes what will occur when an individual remains in a negative nitrogen balance? A) muscle fiber hypertrophy B) kidney damage C) liver damage D) also and organ atrophy

Answer 26

D) muscle and organ atrophy

Question 27

To what degree can protein contribute to energy expenditure in extreme cases of prolonged exercise? A) up to 10% of energy expenditure B) up to 20% of energy expenditure C) up to 30% of energy expenditure D) up to 40% of energy expenditure

Answer 27

A) up to 10% of energy expenditure

Question 28

What is the recommended daily intake of protein for strength athletes? A) 1.2 - 1.5g/ kg of BW B) 1.4–1.6 g /kg of BW C) 1.6–1.7 g/kg of BW D) 1.8–2.0 g/kg of BW

Answer 28

C) 1.6–1.7 g/kilogram of BW

Question 29

Which of the following would not have an optimal effect on protein synthesis occurring after an intense doubt of resistance training? A) ingestion of CHO with protein intake directly after the exercise bout B) ingestion of 25g of essential amino acids 5 hours after the exercise bout C) ingestion of 6g of essential amino acids with 35g of CHO directly prior to the exercise bout D) ingestion of 20g of essential amino acid's 1 hour after the exercise bout

Answer 29

B) ingestion of 25g of essential amino acids 5 hours after the exercise bout

Question 30

Which of the following amino acids marketed as a supplement has been shown, when administered in large doses, to prevent the substantial decline in various aspects of cognitive performance and mood when encountering acute stress? A) Tyrosine B) Taurine C) Ornithine D) Tryptophan

Answer 30

A) Tyrosine

Question 31

Which of the following amino acids is known to help synthesize antioxidants and facilitate immunological functions? A) arginine B) Aspartate C) glutamine D) glycine

Answer 31

C) glutamine

Question 32

Which of the following statements related to protein intake and health risks is incorrect? A) for many athletes the biggest danger of high protein intake is that it often comes from at the cost of reduced CHO intake B) increased protein intake may promote direct negative effects on blood cholesterol C) athletes on a high-protein diet need to consume more fluids due to the increased demand to flush out excess nitrogen in the urine D) healthy people with no indications of kidney issues can consume higher protein intake's

Answer 32

B) increase protein intake may promote direct negative effects on blood cholesterol