water lecture Flashcards
water distribution
central - most common
local
intermittent
Disadvantage of an intermittent system
People will need to stop water is in containers which is not always clean pipes may be empty during emergency and negative pressure in empty pipes as a precondition for pollution
The dangers of fluorin
small amount protects against caries
too much erodes the enamel (fluorosis)
Sanitary protection is it
zone 1 - Zone with strict regime
zone 2 - belt restricted area
zone3 - zone of of surveillance
disadvantages of ground water
Has a high mineral content calcium magnesium and takes effort to get the water out
types of water contamination
water is never not contaminated but its split into natural and manmade. natural - soot, gases, minerals
manmade: agricultural products , heavy metals, radiocatove
selenium, zinc , copper in water
selenium - antioxidant
copper- antioxidant
zinc- important co factor for many ezymes and important for insulin synthesi
negative metals in water
cadmium, chromium, arsenic, beryllium have carcinogenic effect
Classification of coliform organisms
fecal group and non fecal l group such as E. coli and klebsiella aerogenes
clostridium perfringens i
n the absence of chloroform organism suggests that the contamination is happened at some remote time
What investigations are more directed towards bottled water
pseudomonas organiser and colony count
Radiological indices t
tritium
radian
uranium
