ionisizng radiaiton

Question 1

definiton of ionsizing radaiation

Answer 1

electromagnetic which cidreclty or indirectly produces charged particles (ions)

can either be electromagnetic ( xrays + gamma) or corpuscular (alpha /beta)

Question 2

people not allwowed to work with ionizing radiation

Answer 2

1. under 18
2. pregnancy + breast feedign
3. people with certain diseases to whom work with IR is contradicted

Question 3

what is the rule when using x rays

Answer 3

medical expisre should be justified by weighjng out the diagnostic/theureupetuc benifits agaisnt the raidtion detreiment it may cause

Question 4

rule s

Answer 4

no patient is administered a diagnostic/therapeutic
unless its prescribed by a medical practitioner

training of personell

calibration of the sources m dosimetry and quality are completed under the supervision of. a person qualified on radio therapeutic physics

Question 5

specific rules for the x rays rooms

Answer 5

fixed screens

door sensors (prevent quipment working when door is open)
lead coats (pregant women )
lead glasses

workers need to carry a personal dosimeter during workinng hours

clearly labelled sign to others

Question 6

legal reuqiments

Answer 6

to appoint radiation protection supervisors who oversee radiation work and ensure local rules are being followed

Question 7

main principles of protection

Answer 7

ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable based on 4 factors

source activity
time
distance
shielding

1) decrease the actual power
2) incease distance
3) exposure time
4) protection throw shielding

Question 8

alpha particles

Answer 8

easily absorbed by matter - thin sheet of paper

are of limited external hazard but can be very hazardous if radioactive material is taken into the body

Question 9

b particles

Answer 9

e penetrating than alapha

better to use lighter materials to stop it as if you use heavy they produce x - rays

Question 10

protection from neutrons

Answer 10

3 levels of shielding
1. slows fast and very fast neutrons (water)
2. one that accepts slow neutrons (cadmium + borax )
3. accept secondary gamma radiation ( pb)

Question 11

jobs exposed to radiation

Answer 11

pilots especially military
health care workers
nuclear power plants

Question 12

bioloigcal effects of radiation 76

Answer 12

1. somatic effects
   -immediate (radiation sickness and acute radiation syndrome)
   -delayed, leukemia, carcinogenesis, fetal abnormalities
2. genetic effects
   -chromosome mutations
   -point mutations

Question 13

diagram of radiatiion

Answer 13

seconds- dna strands break + oxidative damage

minutes - protein modification

hours - cell death,

weeks/years

Question 14

Principles of protection of open sources of radiation

Answer 14

hermetic rooms suitable desks for good washing and deactivation personal protective masks and gloves special planning of the rooms