Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human A & P > water, electrolyte, acid-base balance > Flashcards

water, electrolyte, acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

the two inorganic components

A

water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the inorganic substances that dissociate in body fluids to form ions

A

minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the ions formed in minerals

A

electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid are called what

A

fluid compartments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

when water content remains stable over time; water gains equal water losses

A

fluid balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does water gains occur

A

digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does water losses mostly occur

A

urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a reduction in the water content of the body that develops when water losses outpace water gains; the osmotic concentration of plasma increases

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a rapid movement of water bw the ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient

A

fluid shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the state of the body in which ion gains and losses are equal

A

mineral balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the significance of the body mineral, sodium

A

essential for normal membrane function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the significance of the body mineral, calcium

A

essential for normal muscle and neuron function and for normal bone structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

occurs across the epithelial lining of the small intestine and colon

A

ion absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occurs in the sweat gland secretions and kidney

A

ion excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primary site of ion loss

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

secondary site of ion loss

A

sweat gland secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when sodium gains equal sodium losses

A

sodium balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when sodium gains exceed losses, the ECF volume does what?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when sodium losses exceed gains, the ECF volume does what?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the secretion of this restricts water loss and stimulates thirst, promoting additional water consumption

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

causes increased urinary sodium retention and thus increases the sodium ion concentration in the ECF

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

responsible for regulating the potassium ion concentration of the ECF

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what causes potassium excretion

A
  • when potassium concentration rise in the ECF
  • under aldosterone stimulation
  • when the ECF pH rises
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the rate of potassium entry across the digestive epithelium and the rate of potassium loss into urine

A

potassium balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when the production of hydrogen ions is precisely offset by their loss, and when the pH of body fluids remains within normal limits

A

acid-base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

A

pH

27
Q

a solution with a pH of 7; the solution contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

A

neutral

28
Q

a solution with a pH below 7; in this solution, hydrogen ions predominate

A

acidic

29
Q

a solution with a pH above 7; in this solution , hydroxide ions predominate

A

basic, or alkaline

30
Q

a substance that dissociates to release hydrogen ions, decreasing pH

A

acid

31
Q

a substance that dissociates to release hydroxide ions or to remove hydrogen ions, increasing pH

A

base

32
Q

an ionic compound consisting of a cation other than a hydrogen ion and an anion other than a hydroxide ion

A

salt

33
Q

a substance that tends to oppose changes in the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions

A

buffer

34
Q

what is the physiological state that results from acidemia

A

acidosis

35
Q

the physiological state that results from alkalemia

A

alkalosis

36
Q

the condition in which plasma pH falls below 7.35

A

acidemia

37
Q

when the plasma pH is above 7.45

A

alkalemia

38
Q

name the 3 buffer systems

A
  • phosphate buffer system
  • protein buffer systems
  • carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
39
Q

important role in buffering the pH of the ICF and of urine

A

phosphate buffer system

40
Q

contribute to the regulation of pH in the ECF and ICF

A

protein buffer systems

41
Q

most important buffer system in the ECF

A

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

42
Q

the only intracellular buffer system that can have an immediate effect on the pH of body fluids

A

hemoglobin buffer system

43
Q

absorb nutrients and ions, lowers the solute concentration in the lumen and elevate the solute concentration in the interstitial fluid of the lamina propria

A

intestinal epithelial cells

44
Q

an exchange pump that ejects potassium ions while reabsorbing sodium ions

A

potassium secretion

45
Q

who has more muscle mass

A

man

46
Q

who has more fat

A

female

47
Q

who has more water

A

male

48
Q

why doesn’t women have more water

A

adipocytes do not hold water so women do not have more water

49
Q

a liquid that reduces friction; extracellular fluid that separates by a membrane (barrier)

A

transcellular fluid

50
Q

pushes out all solutes but RBC can’t leave

A

hydrostatic pressure

51
Q

during water loss osmoreceptors sends a signal to the pituitary to release what to retain water

A

ADH

52
Q

positively charged ion used in conduction of an impulse and contraction of a muscle

A

cations

53
Q

maintains resting potential; stores energy inside the cell

A

potassium

54
Q
  • if too low, PTH from parathyroid goes to the bone and stimulates osteoclasts. Increases absorption in small intestine conserves in kidneys.
  • if too high, calcitonin comes from the thyroid and stimulates osteoblasts
A

calcium

55
Q

causes vasodilation and causes blood pressure to drop and heart failure

A

acidosis

56
Q

causes hydrogen ions to drop

A

alkalosis

57
Q

aerobic respiration of glucose

A

carbonic acid

58
Q

anaerobic respiration of glucose

A

lactic acid

59
Q

oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids

A

sulfuric acid

60
Q

incomplete oxidation of fatty acids

A

acidic ketone bodies

61
Q

hydrolysis of phosphoproteins and nucleic acids

A

phosphoric acid

62
Q

first line of defense against pH shift

A

chemical buffer system

63
Q

second line of defense against pH shift

A

physiological buffer system

Human A & P (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions