genetics and genomics

Question 1

study of inheritance of characteristics

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

sequence of nucleotides of DNA

Answer 2

gene

Question 3

rod-shaped sequence of DNA

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

all DNA in a cell

Answer 4

genome

Question 5

cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes

Answer 5

somatic

Question 6

two sets of 23 chromosomes

Answer 6

diploid

Question 7

one set of 23 chromosomes

Answer 7

haploid

Question 8

study of the body in terms of multiple, interacting genes

Answer 8

genomics

Question 9

a variation of a particular gene

Answer 9

alleles

Question 10

the particular combination of alleles

Answer 10

genotype

Question 11

the expression(appearance) resulting from a particular genotype

Answer 11

phenotype

Question 12

the most common and produce the normal functioning phenotype

Answer 12

wild-type alleles

Question 13

a change from the wild-type and often cause disease

Answer 13

mutant alleles

Question 14

shows parents’ genotypes and probability of future children’s genotypes

Answer 14

punnett square

Question 15

shows past family relationships and expression of known traits

Answer 15

pedigree

Question 16

neither gene produces LDL. the result is a heart attack during childhood

Answer 16

homozygous mutant

Question 17

only one gene produces LDL. the result is a heart attack during youth to early adulthood

Answer 17

heterozygous

Question 18

both genes produce LDL. the result is lack of disorder

Answer 18

homozygous wild

Question 19

a numerical expression of how many people who inherit a trait express it

Answer 19

penetrance

Question 20

all who inherit the trait experience some of the symptoms

Answer 20

completely penetrant

Question 21

some do not express the trait

Answer 21

incompletely penetrant

Question 22

the severity of expression in a penetrant trait

Answer 22

expressivity

Question 23

production of different effects (phenotypes) from the same disorder (genotype)

Answer 23

pleiotropy

Question 24

autosomal dominant; the expression of a defective elastic connective tissue protein (fibrillin)

Answer 24

marfan syndrome

Question 25

production of the same effects (phenotypes) from different disorders (genotypes0

Answer 25

genetic heterogeneity

Question 26

caused by one gene pair

Answer 26

monogenic traits

Question 27

caused by a number of gene pairs

Answer 27

polygenic traits

Question 28

caused by a number of gene pairs and the environment

Answer 28

complex traits

Question 29

hormones limit the expression to one gender

Answer 29

sex-limited traits

Question 30

an allele is dominant in one gender and recessive in the other

Answer 30

sex-influenced traits

Question 31

the expression of a disorder varies depending on the parent from whom it was inherited

Answer 31

genomic imprinting

Question 32

have too many sets of chromosomes (more than 2)

Answer 32

polyploidy

Question 33

normal cells, also known as euploid; a good number of chromosomes

Answer 33

aneuploidy

Question 34

have too many or not enough chromosomes

Answer 34

aneuploidy cells

Question 35

means having an extra chromosome

Answer 35

trisomic

Question 36

having only one of a pair of chromosome

Answer 36

monosomic

Question 37

alters, replaces, silences, or augments a gene’s function to ameliorate or prevent symptoms

Answer 37

gene therapy

Question 38

changes the genes of an egg cell or sperm cell to produce a zygote with different genetics. traits will be passed on

Answer 38

heritable gene therapy

Question 39

targets specific cells or locations. traits will not be passed on

Answer 39

nonheritable gene therapy