genetics and genomics Flashcards

1
Q

study of inheritance of characteristics

A

genetics

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2
Q

sequence of nucleotides of DNA

A

gene

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3
Q

rod-shaped sequence of DNA

A

chromosome

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4
Q

all DNA in a cell

A

genome

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5
Q

cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes

A

somatic

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6
Q

two sets of 23 chromosomes

A

diploid

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7
Q

one set of 23 chromosomes

A

haploid

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8
Q

study of the body in terms of multiple, interacting genes

A

genomics

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9
Q

a variation of a particular gene

A

alleles

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10
Q

the particular combination of alleles

A

genotype

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11
Q

the expression(appearance) resulting from a particular genotype

A

phenotype

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12
Q

the most common and produce the normal functioning phenotype

A

wild-type alleles

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13
Q

a change from the wild-type and often cause disease

A

mutant alleles

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14
Q

shows parents’ genotypes and probability of future children’s genotypes

A

punnett square

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15
Q

shows past family relationships and expression of known traits

A

pedigree

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16
Q

neither gene produces LDL. the result is a heart attack during childhood

A

homozygous mutant

17
Q

only one gene produces LDL. the result is a heart attack during youth to early adulthood

A

heterozygous

18
Q

both genes produce LDL. the result is lack of disorder

A

homozygous wild

19
Q

a numerical expression of how many people who inherit a trait express it

A

penetrance

20
Q

all who inherit the trait experience some of the symptoms

A

completely penetrant

21
Q

some do not express the trait

A

incompletely penetrant

22
Q

the severity of expression in a penetrant trait

A

expressivity

23
Q

production of different effects (phenotypes) from the same disorder (genotype)

A

pleiotropy

24
Q

autosomal dominant; the expression of a defective elastic connective tissue protein (fibrillin)

A

marfan syndrome

25
Q

production of the same effects (phenotypes) from different disorders (genotypes0

A

genetic heterogeneity

26
Q

caused by one gene pair

A

monogenic traits

27
Q

caused by a number of gene pairs

A

polygenic traits

28
Q

caused by a number of gene pairs and the environment

A

complex traits

29
Q

hormones limit the expression to one gender

A

sex-limited traits

30
Q

an allele is dominant in one gender and recessive in the other

A

sex-influenced traits

31
Q

the expression of a disorder varies depending on the parent from whom it was inherited

A

genomic imprinting

32
Q

have too many sets of chromosomes (more than 2)

A

polyploidy

33
Q

normal cells, also known as euploid; a good number of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

34
Q

have too many or not enough chromosomes

A

aneuploidy cells

35
Q

means having an extra chromosome

A

trisomic

36
Q

having only one of a pair of chromosome

A

monosomic

37
Q

alters, replaces, silences, or augments a gene’s function to ameliorate or prevent symptoms

A

gene therapy

38
Q

changes the genes of an egg cell or sperm cell to produce a zygote with different genetics. traits will be passed on

A

heritable gene therapy

39
Q

targets specific cells or locations. traits will not be passed on

A

nonheritable gene therapy