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reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

reproductive organs that produce gametes and hormones

A

gonads(testis)

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2
Q

secrete fluids into the ducts of the reproductive system or into other excretory ducts

A

accessory glands and organs

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3
Q

perineal structures

A

external genitalia

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4
Q

male gametes produced by the testis

A

spermatozoa

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5
Q

the fluid ejaculate that contains spermatozoa and the secretions of accessory glands of the male reproductive tract

A

semen

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6
Q

contains erectile tissue, deposits sperm in the vagina of the female, and produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activities

A

penis

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7
Q

surrounds the testes

A

scrotum

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8
Q

conducts sperm bw the epididymis and prostate gland

A

ductus deferens

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9
Q

secrete fluid that makes up much of the volume of semen

A

seminal glands

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10
Q

secretes fluid and enzymes

A

prostate gland

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11
Q

secrete fluids that lubricate the tip of the penis

A

bulbo-urethral glands

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12
Q

conducts semen to the exterior

A

urethra

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13
Q

the site of sperm maturation

A

epididymis

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14
Q

what are the complex network of channels that is connected to the seminiferous tubules

A

rete testis

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15
Q

the production of spermatozoa and involves mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis

A

spermatogenesis

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16
Q

what will be produced from each diploid primary spermatocyte

A

4 haploid spermatozoa

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17
Q

the differentiation of immature male gametes into physically mature spermatozoa; spermatozoon production

A

spermatogenesis

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18
Q

produce male sex hormones, or androgens, the most important of which is testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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19
Q

provide nutrients to the developing sperm and form the blood-testis barrier that isolates sperm from the blood

A

nurse cells

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20
Q

receives secretions from the seminal, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands

A

male reproductive tract

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21
Q

lines the epididymis and increases the surface area available for absorption from, and secretion into, the fluid in the lumen

A

stereocilia

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22
Q

erotic thoughts or stimulation of sensory nerves in the genital region leads to an increase in the parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

A

arousal

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23
Q

occurs as powerful, rhythmic contractions take place in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles and is associated with male orgasm

A

ejaculation

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24
Q

the site of embryonic and fetal development and of exchange between the maternal and embryonic/fetal bloodstreams; maintains embryo; the normal site of fertilization

A

uterus

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25
Q

delivers an oocyte or embryo to the uterus

A

uterine tubes

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26
Q

the site of sperm deposition; it acts as the birth canal during delivery and provides a passageway for fluids during menstruation

A

vagina

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27
Q

produce milk that nourishes the newborn infant

A

mammary glands

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28
Q

produces oocytes and hormones

A

ovaries

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29
Q

contains erectile tissue, and it produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activities

A

clitoris

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30
Q

contain glands that lubricate the entrance to the vagina

A

labia

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31
Q

immature female gametes

A

oocytes

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32
Q

mature female gametes

A

ova

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33
Q

begins before a woman’s birth, accelerates at puberty, and ends at menopause; ovum production

A

oogenesis

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34
Q

white blood cells containing granules that are in the formation of primary follicles

A

granulosa cells

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35
Q

specialized structures in the cortex of the ovaries where both oocyte growth and meiosis I occur

A

ovarian follicles

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36
Q

forms around the primary follicles

A

thecal cells

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37
Q

thecal cells and granulosa cells work together to produce what

A

estrogens

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38
Q

develop as the wall of the follicle thickens and the deeper follicular cells begin secreting fluid that accumulates in small pockets

A

secondary follicles

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39
Q

mature graafian follicle

A

tertiary follicle

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40
Q

expanded central chamber of the tertiary follicle

A

antrum

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41
Q

a protective layer formed from the granulosa cells with the secondary oocyte

A

corona radiata

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42
Q

ovulation marks the end of what an the start of what

A
  • follicular phase

- luteal phase

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43
Q

the release of a secondary oocyte, surrounded by cells of the corona radiate, after the rupture of the wall of a tertiary follicle

44
Q

secretes progesterone and estrogens; develops in the ovary after ovulation

A

corpus luteum

45
Q

prepares the uterus for pregnancy by stimulating the maturation of the uterine lining and the secretions of uterine glands

A

progesterone

46
Q

known as the menstrual cycle that first begins at menarche and continues until menopause

A

uterine cycle

47
Q

the first phase of the uterine cycle and is marked by degeneration of the functional zone of the uterus

48
Q

the process of endometrial sloughing that occurs during menses

A

menstruation

49
Q

phase of the uterine cycle during which the functional zone undergoes repair and it thickens

A

proliferative phase

50
Q

phase of the uterine cycle during which the uterine glands enlarge

A

secretory phase

51
Q

name the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

A
  • menses
  • proliferative
  • secretory
52
Q

the termination of the uterine cycle, at age 45-55

53
Q

forms the entrance to the inguinal canal

A

superficial inguinal ring

54
Q

contraction of this muscle during sexual arousal or on exposure to cool temperatures pulls the testes closer to the body

A

cremaster muscle

55
Q

elevates the testes and causes the characteristic wrinkling of the scrotal surface

A

dartos muscle

56
Q

lines the scrotal cavity and reduces friction bw opposing surfaces

A

mesothelium

57
Q

occurs within seminiferous tubules

A

sperm production

58
Q

essential to the process of spermatogenesis and hormonal regulation and isolates the seminiferous tubules from the general circulation by creating a blood-testis barrier

A

nurse cells

59
Q

meiosis and spermiogenesis occurs here

A

luminal compartment

60
Q

the start of the male reproductive tract

A

epididymis

61
Q

transports spermatozoa, stores spermatozoa for several months. during that time, the spermatozoa remain in a state of suspended animation and have low metabolic rates

A

ductus deferens

62
Q

antibiotic protein that may help prevent urinary tract infection in males

A

seminalplasmin

63
Q

secrete a alkaline mucus that helps neutralize any urinary acids that may remain in the urethra and lubricates the tip of the penis

A

bulbo-urethral glands

64
Q

begins with peristaltic contractions and pushes spermatozoa into the urethra

65
Q

contractions from this are associated with the male orgasm

A

ejaculation

66
Q

push semen toward the external urethral orifice

A

bulbocavernosus muscles

67
Q

contractions serve primarily to stiffen the erect penis

A

ischiocavernosus muscles

68
Q

stimulation of this produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activites

69
Q

supports and stabilizes the position of each ovary

A

mesovarium

70
Q

produced in the cortex

71
Q

what triggers the start of ovarian cycle

A

rising levels of FSH

72
Q

where are primary oocytes located

73
Q

deliver blood to the basilar zone

A

straight arteries

74
Q

supply the functional zone

A

spiral arteries

75
Q

stimulated and sustained by estrogens secreted by the developing ovarian follicles

A

restoration

76
Q

marked by the degeneration of the functional zone of the endometrium, caused by constriction of the spiral arteries which reduces endometrial blood flow

77
Q

when the epithelial cells of the uterine glands, multiply, and spread across the endometrial restoring the uterine epithelium

A

proliferative phase

78
Q

begins at the time of ovulation and persists as long as the corpus luteum remains intact. when the corpus luteum stops producing hormones, a new uterine cycle begins

A

secretory phase

79
Q

uterine cycle that begins at puberty

A

menstrual cycle

80
Q

milk production

81
Q

stimulates the production and secretion of FSH and the production but not the secretion of LH

A

release of GnRH

82
Q

the combination of GnRH and elevated estrogen levels stimulate what

A

LH secretion

83
Q

begins when FSH stimulates secondary follicles to develop into a tertiary follicle

A

follicular phase

84
Q

the dominant hormone prior to ovulation

85
Q

secretes progesterone

A

corpus luteum

86
Q

connective tissue in the testis

A

gubernaculum

87
Q

produces the male sex hormone (testosterone)

A

interstitial cells

88
Q

secreted by the columnar cells

89
Q

base of urinary bladder. secrete alkaline substance, fructose for energy, and prostaglandins

A

seminal glands

90
Q

stimulates muscle contractions in the female and directs the sperm where to got to the egg

A

prostaglandins

91
Q

surrounds the urethral, secretes alkaline substance and assist the sperm with fertility

A

prostate gland

92
Q

sperm and fluids from the glands

93
Q

releases FSH cause meiosis

94
Q

intertisial cells stimulating hormone and goes to the testes and produces androgens, produces inhibin

95
Q

begins during fetal development, formation of male organs and descent of testes

A

testosterone

96
Q

allows primodial follicles to mature

97
Q

cells goes through 1st stage of miosis

A

tertiary follicle

98
Q

pass along the egg, fertilization occurs

A

uterine tube

99
Q

make up vestibule, forms the prepuce over the clitoris

A

labia minora

100
Q

corresponds to the male penis

101
Q

corresponds to the scrotum

A

labia majora

102
Q

secrete estrogen

A

follicular cells

103
Q

cause ovulation/ production of corpus luteum

104
Q

egg leaving ovaries

105
Q

stimulate maturation of follicle

106
Q

produces progesterone

A

corpus luteum

107
Q

causes vascularization in the uterine lining of the uterine wall

A

progesterone

Human A & P (10 decks)

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