Respiratory System Flashcards
Name the two type of respiratory systems
- cellular respiration
- systemic respiration
Inhaling exchange in your blood
External respiration
respiration bw blood and body cells
internal respiration
using oxygen to acquire nutrients from food
cellular respiration
external respiration and internal respiration are apart of what respiration?
systemic respiration
what are the organs of the respiratory system?
- upper respiratory tract
- lower respiratory tract
the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and the pharynx are all apart of what organ of the respiratory system?
upper respiratory tract
Contains nostrils, internal hairs that filter larger dirt particles, and bone, cartilage, muscle, and skin for support
Nose
divides the nasal cavity in half
nasal septum
mucous membrane around the nasal cavity that increase surface area and cause air to whirl
nasal conchae
psudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated w globlet cells that warms and moistens air and traps smaller dust particles in the nasal cavity
mucous membrane
what is the purpose of cilia in the nasal cavity
to filter the bad things out
what is the trachea also known as?
the windpipe
leads into your nasal cavity and reduces weight of the skull that affects the voice
paranasal sinuses
Known as the throat that connects the respiratory and the digestive systems
pharynx
the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs are apart of what organ of the respiratory system?
lower respiratory tract
the voice box/adam’s apple that is an enlargement, consist of mostly cartilage, ligaments that hold it together
larynx
extends anterior to the esophagus, remains open for swallowing, and has ciliated epithelium lining, and flexible w c-shaped cartilage “rings”
trachea
clusters of alveoli
alveolar sacs
individual air sac where gas exchange occurs with the blood
alveoli
soft, spongy, cone-shaped that are surrounded by the pleural membranes and are separated by the heart/pericardium and other organs of the mediastinum
lungs
name the pleural membranes the surround the lungs
- visceral
- parietal
- pleural cavity
name the two types of breathing mechanism
- inspiration
- expiration
amount of extra air that can be breathed in
inspiratory reserve
amount of air that moves in and out in a normal respiratory cycle
tidal volume
amount of extra air that can be breathed out
expiratory reserve
amount of air that stays in the lungs
residual volume
the largest amount of air that can be breathed out
vital capacity
vital capacity plus residual volume
total lung capacity
what are the 3 things that affect breathing?
- chemical (chemoreceptors)
- lung tissue stretching
- emotions
name the 2 chemicals (chemoreceptors) that affect breathing
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
why does oxygen play a minor role in breathing?
you have plenty of it in your blood
where does the alveolar gas exchange take place?
through the alveolar and capillary walls
the diffusion of gases from areas of higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure
alveolar gas exchange
where does oxygen diffuse during alveolar gas exchange?
into the capillaries
where does carbon dioxide diffuse during alveolar gas exchange?
into the alveoli
name the two ways gas can be transported
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
when can oxygen be more easily released from hemoglobin
- carbon dioxide levels increase
- blood becomes more acidic
- temperature increases
what does oxygen form w hemoglobin during gas transport?
oxyhemoglobin
7% of carbon dioxide is transported as dissolved carbon dioxide during gas transport in the what?
plasma
23% of carbon dioxide transported combine w amino groups of hemoglobin which forms what?
carbaminohemoglobin
70% of carbon dioxide is transported as what ion?
bicarbonate ions
what enzyme does bicarbonate use to form carbonic acid?
carbonic anhydrase
dissociate into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions then is transported to the plasma
carbonic acid
