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Human A & P > pregnancy, growth and development > Flashcards

pregnancy, growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

a secondary oocyte and a spermatozoon form a zygote that prepares for cell division

A

fertilization

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2
Q

a group of blastomeres created by cleavage divisions

A

pre-embryo

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3
Q

occurs when the blastocyst adheres to and then becomes enclosed within the uterine lining about 7 days after fertilization

A

implantation

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4
Q

the stage of development that results from the cleavage

A

morula

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5
Q

consists of an outer trophoblast and an inner cell mass; stage begins once the zygote arrives in the uterine cavity

A

blastocyst

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6
Q

the outer layer of cells, which separates the outside world from the blastocoele and provides nutrients to the developing embryo

A

trophoblast

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7
Q

begins as a layer of cells spread out around the outer edges of the blastocoele to form a complete pouch; forms from endoderm and mesoderm, it is an important site of blood cell formation

A

yolk sac

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8
Q

begins as cells from the blastodisc migrate around a cavity that separates the inner cell mass from the trophoblast; forms from ectoderm and mesoderm, it encloses the fluid that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus

A

amnion

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9
Q

fluid contained in the amniotic cavity that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo or fetus

A

amniotic fluid

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10
Q

begins as an outpocketing of the endoderm near the base of the yolk sac; base gives a rise to the urinary bladder; forms from endoderm and mesoderm

A

allantois

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11
Q

forms the interface between fetal and maternal systems

A

placenta

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12
Q

name the 4 extra-embryonic membranes

A
  • yolk sac
  • amnion
  • allantois
  • chorion
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13
Q

forms from mesoderm and trophoblast; it surrounds the blastocoele

A

chorion

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14
Q

the connecting stalk between the fetus and the placenta

A

umbilical cord

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15
Q

deoxygenated blood that flows to the placenta

A

umbilical artieries

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16
Q

produced by the placenta, softens the pubic symphysis and dilates the cervix

A

relaxin

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17
Q

begins with the onset of true labor, as the cervix dilates and the fetus begins to move toward the cervical canal

A

dilation stage

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18
Q

begins as the cervix dilates completely and continues until the fetus has completely emerged from the vagina

A

expulsion stage

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19
Q

the uterus gradually contracts, tearing the connections between the endometrium and the placenta and ejecting the placenta

A

placental stage

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20
Q

maintains corpus luteum; keeps producing progestron. stimulates placenta and prevents immune system from rejecting foreign cells

A

HCG

21
Q

what are the last two organ systems to mature

A

respiratory and digestive

22
Q

first milk baby receives from mom

A

colostrum

23
Q

oil from sebaceous glands

A

sebum

24
Q

inhibits uterus from contracting FSH and LH which starts to decrease progesterone over time which increase proctic gland so uterus starts to contract

A

progesterone

25
Q

comes from corpusluteum

A

progesterone and estrogen

26
Q

as placenta matures we get more of this and help with contractions and widening of the vagina

A

estrogen

27
Q

comes from corpus luteum, relaxs the uterus and pelvis (birth canal)

A

relaxin

28
Q

hormone from pituitary gland that stimulates uterus causes uterus to contract putting more pressure on cervix

A

oxytocin

29
Q

forceable explosion of the fetus

A

parturition

30
Q

triggers uttering contraction (oxytocin)

A

pituitary hormone

31
Q

the gradual modification of anatomical structures and physiological characteristics during the period from fertilization to maturity

A

development

32
Q

first two months after fertilization

A

embryological development

33
Q

begins at the start of the ninth week and continues until birth

A

fetal development

34
Q

during this period the rudiments of all the major organ systems appear

A

first trimester

35
Q

development of organs and organ systems, the body shape and proportions change; by the end of this trimester, the fetus looks distinctively human

A

second trimester

36
Q

the largest gain in fetal weight, major organ systems become fully functional

A

third trimester

37
Q

begins at birth can continues to maturity

A

postnatal development

38
Q

the state of full development or completed growth

A

maturity

39
Q

the cytoplasm of the zygote becomes subdivided among an ever-increasing number of progressively smaller blastomeres

A

cleavage

40
Q

begins with the attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium of the uterus

A

implantation

41
Q

migrate along the walls of the amniotic cavity and separate the amniotic cavity from the trophoblast. first step in the formation of the amnion

A

blastodisc

42
Q

absorbs and distributes nutrients released into the blastocoele by the trophoblast

A

yolk sac

43
Q

migration of mesoderm around the inner surface of the trophoblast creates this

A

chorion

44
Q

mesodermal migration around the outside of the amniotic cavity form what

A

amnion

45
Q

mesodermal migration around the endodermal pouch creates what

A

yolk sac

46
Q

when the cervix dilates and the fetus begins to shift toward the cervical canal

A

dilation stage

47
Q

the cervix completes its dilation

A

expulsion stage

48
Q

muscle tension builds the walls of the partially empty uterus, the uterine contraction tears the connection bw the endometrium and the placenta or afterbirth is ejected

A

placental stage

Human A & P (10 decks)

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