Respiratory System (1) Flashcards
composed of structures involved in ventilation (airflow to and from the lungs) and gas exchange
respiratory system
filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air. reabsorbs heat and water from outgoing air
upper respiratory tract
conducts air to and from the gas exchange surfaces
lower respiratory tract
name the organs of the respiratory system
- nose
- nasal cavity
- paranasal sinuses
- pharynx
name the organs of the lower respiratory system
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchus
- bronchiole
protects the respiratory mucosa; a series of filtration mechanisms that prevent airway contamination by debris and pathogens
respiratory defense system
the underlying layer of areolar tissue that supports the respiratory epithelium and contains mucous glands that discharge secretions onto the epithelial surface
lamina propria
divide to replace damaged or aged cells in the epithelium
stem cells
lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract
respiratory mucosa
the primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system when you are resting and breathing
nose
a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory systems; the throat
pharynx
the voice box; protects the glottis and produces sounds
larynx
during swallowing this folds back over the entrance to the larynx, preventing the entry of both liquids and solid food into the respiratory tract
epiglottis
the windpipe; an airway extending from the larynx to the primary bronchi
trachea
stiffens the tracheal walls and protects the airway; prevents the trachea collapse or overexpansion as pressures change within the respiratory system
tracheal cartilages
contractions of this reduces the diameter of the trachea, increasing the resistance to airflow
trachealis muscle
the smallest subdivisions of the lungs
pulmonary lobules
where gas exchange occurs
alveoli
squamous epithelial cells that are thin and delicate and are sites of gas diffusion
type 1 pneumocytes
cells that produce surfactant
type 2 pneumocytes
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s interstitial fluids and the external environment
external respiration
occurs across the respiratory membrane between alveoli and capillaries, and across capillary walls between blood and other tissues
gas diffusion
the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells.
internal respiration
breathing; the physical movement of air into and out of the lungs. main function is to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation
pulmonary ventilation
inhalation; the movement of air into the respiratory system
inspiration
exhalation; breathing out
expiration
the amount of air that you can breathe in over and above the tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
the amount of air you move into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions
tidal volume
the amount of air that you can voluntarily expel after you have completed a normal quiet respiratory cycle
expiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that would remain in your lungs if they were allowed to collapse
minimal volume
the total volume of your lungs
total lung capacity
the amount of air that remains in your lungs even after a maximal exhalation
residual volume
the amount of air remaining in your lungs after you have completed a quiet respiratory cycle
functional residual capacity
the maximum amount of air that you can move into or out of your lungs in a single respiratory cycle
vital capacity
the amount of air that you can draw into your lungs after you have completed a quiet respiratory cycle
inspiratory capacity
