Water Deprivation-Sodium Ion Flashcards
1
Q
Sources
A
- feeding brine, whey or garbage
- ingestion of salt lick or ice melts
- salty water
2
Q
Environmental factors that cause excess sodium/ lack of water
A
- overcrowding
- frozen water
- medicated water (tastes yucky)
- lack of water
3
Q
Properties of salt
A
- tastes good! (tru dat)
- mild irritant to membranes
4
Q
Normal Salt levels
A
- usually present at 0.5-1% in feed
5
Q
Animals can tolerate what percentage of salt with free access to water
A
more than 10% salt in feed
6
Q
Most and least susceptible animals
A
Pigs, cattle, poultry =most
dogs= less
7
Q
toxicokinetics
A
- rapidly absorbed GI
- enters brain by passive diffusion and removed by active
- can be excreted in urine if there is enough water
- if not it causes hypertonicity of the blood
8
Q
MOA
A
- plasma sodium increases
- cerebrospinal sodium increases
- inhibits anaerobic glycolysis = no energy for active transport of salt out
- trapped sodium causes edema
9
Q
Clinical signs
A
- constipation and thirst
- then vomiting, polyuria and metabolic acidosis
- then seizures, circling, head pressing, blindness, deafness
- inability to eat or drink
10
Q
Clinical signs in chickens
A
- depression
- ascites
- collapse
11
Q
Lesions
A
- GI congestion with pinpoint ulcers
- fluid in body cavities
- cerebral edema
12
Q
Pathognomonic lesion in pigs
A
eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
13
Q
Lab work
A
- serum and CSF with increased sodium (greater than 160)
- salt in feed
14
Q
Treatment
A
- small amounts of fresh water gradually over 2-3 days
- IV fluids (dextrose and furosemide) and anticonvulsants in small animals
15
Q
Why cant you give large amounts of water
A
- makes cerebral edema worse
