Water contamination and Purification Flashcards
what is the standard water purification process
buble air, add alluminum/iron salts, add phosphate, add chlorine.
Purpose of bubbling air
oxidizies contaminants, making them insoluble.
purpose of adding alluminum/iron salts
react with and remove colloids
react with and remove colloids
purpose of adding alluminum/iron salts
oxidizies contaminants, making them insoluble.
Purpose of bubbling air
why we add phosphate to water
reacts with calcium, ends up lowing water hardness
reacts with calcium, ends up lowing water hardness
why we add phosphate to water
purpose of chlorination
to kill bacteria
activated carbon
a special kind of charcoal, filled with holes that trap collids and organic chemicals, can be cleaned off by heating it.
a special kind of charcoal, filled with holes that trap collids and organic chemicals, can be cleaned off by heating it.
activated carbon
sand filtration
passing water over sand, the simplest form of filtration, only removes large stuff
passing water over sand, the simplest form of filtration, only removes large stuff
sand filtration
Ultrafiltration
Uses filters small enough to remove viruses
Uses filters small enough to remove viruses
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
uses filters so mall it removes metals such as calcium and magnesium
uses filters so mall it removes metals such as calcium and magnesium
Nanofiltration
reverse osmosis
reversing osmosis (Which normaly goes towards particles) by pressurizing the water, creating lots of extremely pure water, and a small amount of realy thickly contaminated water, expensive, but effective
Ozone dissenfection
ozone, made on site, is bubbled through the water, killing bacteria quickly
ozone, made on site, is bubbled through the water, killing bacteria quickly
Ozone dissenfection
disssadvantages of ozone dissenfection
may produce toxic brominated compounds, doesn’t prevent new bacteria from growind
may produce toxic brominated compounds, doesn’t prevent new bacteria from growind
disssadvantages of ozone dissenfection
UV dissenfection
bombarding water with high energy rays to kill backeria
bombarding water with high energy rays to kill backeria
UV dissenfection
UV dissenfection dissadvantages
only dissinfects at the location, requires lots of energy, or time, depending on the version
only dissinfects at the location, requires lots of energy, or time, depending on the version
UV dissenfection dissadvantages
Cloronation
Chlorine gass is produced on site, then bubbled trhough the watter to create Hypochloric acid, also creates compounds that stay in the water longer for contiual dissenfections
Chlorine gass is produced on site, then bubbled trhough the watter to create Hypochloric acid, also creates compounds that stay in the water longer for contiual dissenfections
Cloronation
dissadvantages of chlronation
Produces chloroform, a dangerous THM, when in contact with organic waste, as well as halogenated acetic acids. Water must be kept at a specific pH
Produces chloroform, a dangerous THM, when in contact with organic waste, as well as halogenated acetic acids. water must be kept at a specific pH
dissadvantages of chlronation
point of use filtration
a cleverly designed sand filter filled with good microbes that kill bad microbes.
a cleverly designed sand filter filled with good microbes that kill bad microbes.
point of use filtration
aeration zone
area of the soil where it is mostly air in the pores
area of the soil where it is mostly air in the pores
aeration zone
aquifer
area of the soild full of water, can be thought of a san underground lake or river sitting on top of the basement rock
area of the soild full of water, can be thought of a san underground lake or river sitting on top of the basement rock
aquifer
common aquifer contaminants
nitrates (Fertilizer) , Chlorate(ClO4^-, industrial) . Trichlorethene/perchloroethante (Degreasers), and BTX from car exhaust
nitrates (Fertilizer) , Chlorate(ClO4^-, industrial) . Trichlorethene/perchloroethante (Degreasers), and BTX from car exhaust
common aquifer contaminants
effects of CO4-
messes with your thyroid
messes with your thyroid
effects of CO4-
Structure of thrichloroethene
did you get it?
structure of perchloethene
did you get it?
behavior of conaminant in the aquifer
insoluble compounds tend to for bubbles just above/below the aquifer, slow diffusion creates a plume
methods of treating contaminated groundwater
natural attenuation, pump & treat (bioremediation), In situ metal treatment, underground filter
natural attenuation, pump & treat (bioremediation), In situ metal treatment, underground filter
methods of treating contaminated groundwater
natural attenuation
the process of lettting nature take care of it, can be surprisingly effective
the process of lettting nature take care of it, can be surprisingly effective
natural attenuation
BTX
benzenes with 0-6 methyl groups *(usually just 0, 1 and 2 )
benzenes with 0-6 methyl groups *(usually just 0, 1 and 2 )
BTX
Bioremediation
treating contaminated water with microbes that eat the contaminant
treating contaminated water with microbes that eat the contaminant
Bioremediation
in situ metal treatment
metal is pumped down to the bolob to oxidize the contaminants, making them water soluable
metal is pumped down to the bolob to oxidize the contaminants, making them water soluable
in situ metal treatment
subterranian filtration
build a wall out of irnon filings sand, and other materials that the qauifer cna flow through that will remove the contaminants
build a wall out of irnon filings sand, and other materials that the qauifer cna flow through that will remove the contaminants
subterranian filtration
Sewage treatment processs
First we let the particles seperate (skim oil off the top and let sludge sink to the bottom), then we use microbes to oxidize the contaminants, making more sludge, than we treat it with various chemicals, depending on what common contaminant sin the area are.
