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Environmental Chemistry > Water contamination and Purification > Flashcards

Water contamination and Purification Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the standard water purification process

A

buble air, add alluminum/iron salts, add phosphate, add chlorine.

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2
Q

Purpose of bubbling air

A

oxidizies contaminants, making them insoluble.

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3
Q

purpose of adding alluminum/iron salts

A

react with and remove colloids

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4
Q

react with and remove colloids

A

purpose of adding alluminum/iron salts

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5
Q

oxidizies contaminants, making them insoluble.

A

Purpose of bubbling air

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6
Q

why we add phosphate to water

A

reacts with calcium, ends up lowing water hardness

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7
Q

reacts with calcium, ends up lowing water hardness

A

why we add phosphate to water

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8
Q

purpose of chlorination

A

to kill bacteria

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9
Q

activated carbon

A

a special kind of charcoal, filled with holes that trap collids and organic chemicals, can be cleaned off by heating it.

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9
Q

a special kind of charcoal, filled with holes that trap collids and organic chemicals, can be cleaned off by heating it.

A

activated carbon

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10
Q

sand filtration

A

passing water over sand, the simplest form of filtration, only removes large stuff

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11
Q

passing water over sand, the simplest form of filtration, only removes large stuff

A

sand filtration

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12
Q

Ultrafiltration

A

Uses filters small enough to remove viruses

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13
Q

Uses filters small enough to remove viruses

A

Ultrafiltration

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14
Q

Nanofiltration

A

uses filters so mall it removes metals such as calcium and magnesium

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15
Q

uses filters so mall it removes metals such as calcium and magnesium

A

Nanofiltration

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16
Q

reverse osmosis

A

reversing osmosis (Which normaly goes towards particles) by pressurizing the water, creating lots of extremely pure water, and a small amount of realy thickly contaminated water, expensive, but effective

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17
Q

Ozone dissenfection

A

ozone, made on site, is bubbled through the water, killing bacteria quickly

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18
Q

ozone, made on site, is bubbled through the water, killing bacteria quickly

A

Ozone dissenfection

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19
Q

disssadvantages of ozone dissenfection

A

may produce toxic brominated compounds, doesn’t prevent new bacteria from growind

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20
Q

may produce toxic brominated compounds, doesn’t prevent new bacteria from growind

A

disssadvantages of ozone dissenfection

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21
Q

UV dissenfection

A

bombarding water with high energy rays to kill backeria

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22
Q

bombarding water with high energy rays to kill backeria

A

UV dissenfection

23
Q

UV dissenfection dissadvantages

A

only dissinfects at the location, requires lots of energy, or time, depending on the version

24
Q

only dissinfects at the location, requires lots of energy, or time, depending on the version

A

UV dissenfection dissadvantages

25
Q

Cloronation

A

Chlorine gass is produced on site, then bubbled trhough the watter to create Hypochloric acid, also creates compounds that stay in the water longer for contiual dissenfections

26
Q

Chlorine gass is produced on site, then bubbled trhough the watter to create Hypochloric acid, also creates compounds that stay in the water longer for contiual dissenfections

A

Cloronation

27
Q

dissadvantages of chlronation

A

Produces chloroform, a dangerous THM, when in contact with organic waste, as well as halogenated acetic acids. Water must be kept at a specific pH

28
Q

Produces chloroform, a dangerous THM, when in contact with organic waste, as well as halogenated acetic acids. water must be kept at a specific pH

A

dissadvantages of chlronation

29
Q

point of use filtration

A

a cleverly designed sand filter filled with good microbes that kill bad microbes.

30
Q

a cleverly designed sand filter filled with good microbes that kill bad microbes.

A

point of use filtration

31
Q

aeration zone

A

area of the soil where it is mostly air in the pores

32
Q

area of the soil where it is mostly air in the pores

A

aeration zone

33
Q

aquifer

A

area of the soild full of water, can be thought of a san underground lake or river sitting on top of the basement rock

34
Q

area of the soild full of water, can be thought of a san underground lake or river sitting on top of the basement rock

A

aquifer

35
Q

common aquifer contaminants

A

nitrates (Fertilizer) , Chlorate(ClO4^-, industrial) . Trichlorethene/perchloroethante (Degreasers), and BTX from car exhaust

36
Q

nitrates (Fertilizer) , Chlorate(ClO4^-, industrial) . Trichlorethene/perchloroethante (Degreasers), and BTX from car exhaust

A

common aquifer contaminants

37
Q

effects of CO4-

A

messes with your thyroid

38
Q

messes with your thyroid

A

effects of CO4-

39
Q

Structure of thrichloroethene

A

did you get it?

40
Q

structure of perchloethene

A

did you get it?

41
Q

behavior of conaminant in the aquifer

A

insoluble compounds tend to for bubbles just above/below the aquifer, slow diffusion creates a plume

42
Q

methods of treating contaminated groundwater

A

natural attenuation, pump & treat (bioremediation), In situ metal treatment, underground filter

43
Q

natural attenuation, pump & treat (bioremediation), In situ metal treatment, underground filter

A

methods of treating contaminated groundwater

44
Q

natural attenuation

A

the process of lettting nature take care of it, can be surprisingly effective

45
Q

the process of lettting nature take care of it, can be surprisingly effective

A

natural attenuation

46
Q

BTX

A

benzenes with 0-6 methyl groups *(usually just 0, 1 and 2 )

47
Q

benzenes with 0-6 methyl groups *(usually just 0, 1 and 2 )

A

BTX

48
Q

Bioremediation

A

treating contaminated water with microbes that eat the contaminant

49
Q

treating contaminated water with microbes that eat the contaminant

A

Bioremediation

50
Q

in situ metal treatment

A

metal is pumped down to the bolob to oxidize the contaminants, making them water soluable

51
Q

metal is pumped down to the bolob to oxidize the contaminants, making them water soluable

A

in situ metal treatment

52
Q

subterranian filtration

A

build a wall out of irnon filings sand, and other materials that the qauifer cna flow through that will remove the contaminants

53
Q

build a wall out of irnon filings sand, and other materials that the qauifer cna flow through that will remove the contaminants

A

subterranian filtration

54
Q

Sewage treatment processs

A

First we let the particles seperate (skim oil off the top and let sludge sink to the bottom), then we use microbes to oxidize the contaminants, making more sludge, than we treat it with various chemicals, depending on what common contaminant sin the area are.

Environmental Chemistry (31 decks)

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