PCB's, Dioxins, and Furans Flashcards
Poly Chloro Biphenyls (PCBs)
two benzine rings joined by two carbons with any number of chlorine substiuants
two benzine rings joined by two carbons with any number of chlorine substiuants
Poly Chloro Biphenyls (PCBs)
Uses of PCB’s
used in lots of machines because it is a non-flamibe electrical insulator
used in lots of machines because it is a non-flamibe electrical insulator
Uses of PCB’s
Poly Chloro dibenzodioxins (PCDD’s or just Dioxins)
two benzene rings joined by a third ring with two oxygens, has any number of chlorine substituants
two benzene rings joined by a third ring with two oxygens, has any number of chlorine substituants
Poly Chloro dibenzodioxins (PCDD’s or just Dioxins)
sources of dioxins
have no use, but are often a byproduct of other processes
have no use, but are often a byproduct of other processes
sources of dioxins
naming PCB’s
the two joining carbons are #1. Then number the rest as would result in the lowest numbers, the ring with less chlorines get’s (‘) by it’s numbers. Always ends with (Number prefix)chlorobiphenyl
the two joining carbons are #1. Then number the rest as would result in the lowest numbers, the ring with less chlorines get’s (‘) by it’s numbers. Always ends with (Number prefix)chlorobiphenyl
Naming PCB’s
creating PCB’s
always created as a mixture, the amount of chlorine substiuants determines it’s viscosity
always created as a mixture, the amount of chlorine substiuants determines it’s viscosity
creating PCB’s
Naming Dioxins
choose one of te carbons not conected to the oxygens, but conected to carbons that are as #1. number the entire molecule, skipping the carbons bonded to oxygens. Number chlorines. Always ends with (Number prefix)chlorodibenzo (1,4) dioxin
choose one of te carbons not conected to the oxygens, but conected to carbons that are as #1. number the entire molecule, skipping the carbons bonded to oxygens. Number chlorines. Always ends with (Number prefix)chlorodibenzo (1,4) dioxin
Naming dioxins
chlorination (molecular weight) and lipophilicity
the more chlorines on a PCB, Dioxin, or Furan, the higher the Kow
the more chlorines on a PCB, Dioxin, or Furan, the higher the Kow
chlorination (Molecular weight) and lipophilicity
Systems that contain PCB
controlable closed systems and non-controllable closed systems
controlable closed systems and non-controllable closed systems
systems that contain PCB
the difference between controlable and non-controlable closed systems.
one system has enough PCB’s to be worth salvaging, the other doesn’t
one system has enough PCB’s to be worth salvaging, the other doesn’t
the difference between controlable and non-controlable closed systems.
effects of PCB’s, Dioxins, and furans in humans
Chloracne, cancer, mostly from Dioxins and Furans
Chloracne, cancer, mostly from Dioxins and Furans
effects of PCB’s, Dioxins, and furans in humans
Furans
chemicas formed when the right PCB’s are heated, two benzenes joined by a 5 member ring including an oxygen.
chemicas formed when the right PCB’s are heated, two benzenes joined by a 5 member ring including an oxygen.
Furans
Naming Furans
Follows a similar system to Dioxins, ends with Dibenzofuran
Follows a similar system to Dioxins, ends with Dibenzofuran
Naming Furans
Degredation of PCB’s
react with OH in the atmosphere
react with OH in the atmosphere
Degredation of PCB’s
degredation of Dioxins
have structures that are great for photodegredation through UV-B
have structures that are great for photodegredation through UV-B
Degredation of Dioxins
bioacumulation/biomagnification
Fat soluble compounds tend to hang out in organisms for a long time, they get more concentrated as you move up the food chain.
Fat soluble compounds tend to hang out in organisms for a long time, they get more concentrated as you move up the food chain.
bioacumulation/biomagnification
Rating toxicity of PCB’s Dioxins, and Furans
ranked compared to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Planar compounds tend to be more toxic.
ranked compared to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD . Planar compounds tend to be more toxic.
Rating toxicity of PCB’s Dioxins, and Furans
2,3,7,8-TCDD
The most toxic compound in the family, interacts with DNA and causes the bodie’s ensysmes to producce other toxins
The most toxic compound in the family, interacts with DNA and causes the bodie’s ensysmes to producce other toxins
2,3,7,8-TCDD
Half life/decay constant for a chemical
k’
k’
Half life/decay constant for a chemical
half life equation
0.693/k’
0.693/k’
half life equation
Lifetime Equation
1/k’
1/k’
lifetime equation
