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Environmental Chemistry > Surfactants > Flashcards

Surfactants Flashcards

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1
Q

Surfactants

A

chemicals that act along surfaces

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2
Q

chemicals that act along surfaces

A

Surfactants

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3
Q

micells

A

groups in spheres or rods formed by surfactants by turning all their negative ends away from water.

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4
Q

groups in spheres or rods formed by surfactants by turning all their negative ends away from water.

A

micells

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5
Q

anionic surfactant

A

a surfactant with a negatively charged head, like soap

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6
Q

a surfactant with a negatively charged head, like soap

A

Anionic surfactant

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7
Q

Nonionic surfactants

A

a surfactant with a polar, but not charged head

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8
Q

a surfactant with a polar, but not charged head

A

Nonionic Surfactants

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9
Q

cationic surfactant

A

a surfactant with a positively charged head, like conditioner or fabric softener

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10
Q

a surfactant with a positively charged head, like conditioner or fabric softener

A

cationic surfactant

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11
Q

Amphoteric surfactant

A

a surfactant where the head is a zwitterion, rarely used

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12
Q

a surfactant where the head is a zwitterion, rarely used

A

Amphoteric Surfactant

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13
Q

how soaps work

A

often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so as the non-polar ends attach to the dirt, the polar ends are repelled from the surface, pulling the dirt off.

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14
Q

often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so as the non-polar ends attach to the dirt, the polar ends are repelled from the surface, pulling the dirt off.

A

how soaps work

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15
Q

how conditioners and fabric softeners work

A

often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so the positive heads of the chemicals attach to it, and the long oily end lubricates it.

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16
Q

often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so the positive heads of the chemicals attach to it, and the long oily end lubricates it.

A

how conditioners and fabric softeners work

17
Q

type of surfactant best for organic fabrics

A

Anionic Surfactants

18
Q

type of surfactant best for synthetic fabrics

A

nonionic surfactants

19
Q

Builders

A

chemicals mixed into the surfactant to make it work more effectively, do things like remove the calcium from hard water

20
Q

chemicals mixed into the surfactant to make it work more effectively, do things like remove the calcium from hard water

A

Builders

21
Q

Builders that act by raising pH

A

carbonates and phosphorus compounds

22
Q

carbonates and phosphorus compounds

A

Builders that act by raising pH

23
Q

forms particles that act as builders by trapping unwanted ions in holes in the particle.

A

Zoillites, made of alluminum and sillicon

24
Q

Zoillites, made of alluminum and sillicon

A

forms particles that act as builders by trapping unwanted ions in holes in the particle.

25
Q

Perborate Anion

A

a chemical that breaks down in warm water to form bleach

26
Q

a chemical that breaks down in warm water to form bleach

A

Perborate Anion

27
Q

SNOBS

A

a bleach capable of functioning at lower temperatures

28
Q

a bleach capable of functioning at lower temperatures

A

SNOBS

29
Q

Perborate anion structure

A

did you get it?

30
Q

SNOBS structure

A

did you get it?

31
Q

toxcisity of surfactants.

A

as the tails on anionic surfactants break down they become less toxic, the reverse is true for nonionic surfactants

32
Q

as the tails on anionic surfactants break down they become less toxic, the reverse is true for nonionic surfactants

A

toxcisity of surfactants.

33
Q

persistance of surfactants

A

Surfactants with heaviy branched tails take longer for bacteria to break down

34
Q

Surfactants with heaviy branched tails take longer for bacteria to break down

A

persistance of surfactants

35
Q

dissadvantage of using phosphate as a builder

A

more phosphate in the environment causes more microbe growth

36
Q

more phosphate in the environment causes more microbe growth

A

dissadvantage of using phosphate as a builder

37
Q

example of Anionic Surfactant

A

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38
Q

Example of Nonionic surfactant

A

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39
Q

Example of Cationic surfactant

A

Did you get it?

Environmental Chemistry (31 decks)

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