Surfactants Flashcards
Surfactants
chemicals that act along surfaces
chemicals that act along surfaces
Surfactants
micells
groups in spheres or rods formed by surfactants by turning all their negative ends away from water.
groups in spheres or rods formed by surfactants by turning all their negative ends away from water.
micells
anionic surfactant
a surfactant with a negatively charged head, like soap
a surfactant with a negatively charged head, like soap
Anionic surfactant
Nonionic surfactants
a surfactant with a polar, but not charged head
a surfactant with a polar, but not charged head
Nonionic Surfactants
cationic surfactant
a surfactant with a positively charged head, like conditioner or fabric softener
a surfactant with a positively charged head, like conditioner or fabric softener
cationic surfactant
Amphoteric surfactant
a surfactant where the head is a zwitterion, rarely used
a surfactant where the head is a zwitterion, rarely used
Amphoteric Surfactant
how soaps work
often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so as the non-polar ends attach to the dirt, the polar ends are repelled from the surface, pulling the dirt off.
often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so as the non-polar ends attach to the dirt, the polar ends are repelled from the surface, pulling the dirt off.
how soaps work
how conditioners and fabric softeners work
often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so the positive heads of the chemicals attach to it, and the long oily end lubricates it.
often the fabric/creature will be slightly negative, so the positive heads of the chemicals attach to it, and the long oily end lubricates it.
how conditioners and fabric softeners work
type of surfactant best for organic fabrics
Anionic Surfactants
type of surfactant best for synthetic fabrics
nonionic surfactants
Builders
chemicals mixed into the surfactant to make it work more effectively, do things like remove the calcium from hard water
chemicals mixed into the surfactant to make it work more effectively, do things like remove the calcium from hard water
Builders
Builders that act by raising pH
carbonates and phosphorus compounds
carbonates and phosphorus compounds
Builders that act by raising pH
forms particles that act as builders by trapping unwanted ions in holes in the particle.
Zoillites, made of alluminum and sillicon
Zoillites, made of alluminum and sillicon
forms particles that act as builders by trapping unwanted ions in holes in the particle.
Perborate Anion
a chemical that breaks down in warm water to form bleach
a chemical that breaks down in warm water to form bleach
Perborate Anion
SNOBS
a bleach capable of functioning at lower temperatures
a bleach capable of functioning at lower temperatures
SNOBS
Perborate anion structure
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SNOBS structure
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toxcisity of surfactants.
as the tails on anionic surfactants break down they become less toxic, the reverse is true for nonionic surfactants
as the tails on anionic surfactants break down they become less toxic, the reverse is true for nonionic surfactants
toxcisity of surfactants.
persistance of surfactants
Surfactants with heaviy branched tails take longer for bacteria to break down
Surfactants with heaviy branched tails take longer for bacteria to break down
persistance of surfactants
dissadvantage of using phosphate as a builder
more phosphate in the environment causes more microbe growth
more phosphate in the environment causes more microbe growth
dissadvantage of using phosphate as a builder
example of Anionic Surfactant
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Example of Nonionic surfactant
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Example of Cationic surfactant
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