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Environmental Chemistry > Pesticides > Flashcards

Pesticides Flashcards

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1
Q

pesticides

A

chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.

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2
Q

chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.

A

pesticides

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3
Q

herbicides

A

chemicals for killing weeds

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4
Q

chemicals for killing weeds

A

herbicides

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5
Q

Insecticide

A

chemicals for killing bugs

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6
Q

Chemicals for killing bugs

A

insecticide

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7
Q

fungicide

A

chemicals for kiling fungi

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8
Q

chemicals for killing fungi

A

fungicide

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9
Q

Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)

A

A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds

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10
Q

A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds

A

Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)

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11
Q

DDT Structure

A

did you get it?

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12
Q

DDE

A

the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells

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13
Q

the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells

A

DDE

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14
Q

DDE structure

A

did you get it?

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15
Q

Lindane

A

Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide

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16
Q

Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide

A

lindane

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17
Q

Lindane Structure

A

Did you get it?

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18
Q

Other important Organochlorines

A

Heptachlor, aldrin, dialdrin, chlordane, endosulfan

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19
Q

heptachlor structure

A

Did you get it?

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20
Q

Aldrin structure

A

Did you get it?

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21
Q

dialdrin structure

A

Did you get it?

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22
Q

chlordane structure

A

Did you get it?

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23
Q

Endosulfan Structure

A

Did you get it?

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24
Q

effects of organochlorines

A

neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death

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25
Q

neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death

A

effects of organochlorines

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26
Q

Organochlorines

A

chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans

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27
Q

chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans

A

Organochlorines

28
Q

Organophosphates

A

insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll

29
Q

insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll

A

Organophosphates

30
Q

Important organophosphates

A

Parathion, Dichlorvos, malathion, dimethylate

31
Q

structure of Parathion,

A

did you get it?

32
Q

structure of Dichlorvos,

A

did you get it?

33
Q

structure of malathion,

A

did you get it?

34
Q

structure of dimethylate

A

did you get it?

35
Q

Carbamates

A

insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don’t last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.

36
Q

insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don’t last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.

A

Carbamates

37
Q

Carbamate structure

A

did you get it?

38
Q

Pyrethrins

A

Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.

39
Q

Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.

A

Pyrethrins

40
Q

Pyrethrenoids

A

synthetic pyrethrins that don’t break down as quickly

41
Q

synthetic pyrethrins that don’t break down as quickly

A

Pyrethrenoids

42
Q

Type A organophosphates

A

active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)

43
Q

active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)

A

Type A organophosphates

44
Q

Type B organophosphates

A

Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)

45
Q

Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)

A

Type B organophosphates

46
Q

Type C organophosphates

A

active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)

47
Q

active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)

A

Type C organophosphates

48
Q

triezenes

A

six membered rings with 3 integrated nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides

49
Q

six membered rings with 3 nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides

A

Triezenes

50
Q

General Triezene structure

A

Did you get it?

51
Q

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

A

2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it’s synthesis

52
Q

2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it’s synthesis

A

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

53
Q

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)

A

Former Popular herbicide for lawn care, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D

54
Q

Former Popular herbicide for lawn cae, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D

A

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)

55
Q

2,4-D structure

A

did you get it?

56
Q

2,4,5-T structure

A

did you get it?

57
Q

Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)

A

Ia- <5
Ib 5-50
II 50-500
III 500+

58
Q

Ia- <5
Ib 5-50
II 50-500
III 500+

A

Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)

59
Q

non persitant chemicals

A

have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days

60
Q

have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days

A

non persitant chemicals

61
Q

moderatly persistanc chemicals

A

have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days

62
Q

have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days

A

moderatly persistanc chemicals

63
Q

very persistant chemicals

A

have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.

64
Q

have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.

A

very persistant chemicals

65
Q

Hexachlorobenzene

A

a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.

66
Q

a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.

A

Environmental Chemistry (31 decks)

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