Pesticides Flashcards
pesticides
chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.
chemicles designed to kill unwatned organsims, classified based on what they kill.
pesticides
herbicides
chemicals for killing weeds
chemicals for killing weeds
herbicides
Insecticide
chemicals for killing bugs
Chemicals for killing bugs
insecticide
fungicide
chemicals for kiling fungi
chemicals for killing fungi
fungicide
Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)
A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds
A chemical that used to be widely used as an insecticide, converted into DDE, which harms birds
Dichloro Diohphenyl Trichlorine (DDT)
DDT Structure
did you get it?
DDE
the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells
the chemical produced by DDT resistant insects. planar so it no longer kills them. Interferes with calcium transport in birds, causing thin egshells
DDE
DDE structure
did you get it?
Lindane
Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide
Hexachlorocyclohexane, has one chlorene on each carbon, used as an insecticide
lindane
Lindane Structure
Did you get it?
Other important Organochlorines
Heptachlor, aldrin, dialdrin, chlordane, endosulfan
heptachlor structure
Did you get it?
Aldrin structure
Did you get it?
dialdrin structure
Did you get it?
chlordane structure
Did you get it?
Endosulfan Structure
Did you get it?
effects of organochlorines
neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death
neurotoxins that cause tremors, paralysis, convulsions and death
effects of organochlorines
Organochlorines
chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans
chemicals with lots of chlroines on an organic structure, used as insecticides, have a high Kow but are not toxic to humans
Organochlorines
Organophosphates
insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll
insecticides wehre the functional group is centered around a phosphate. High Kow, inhibit muscle controll
Organophosphates
Important organophosphates
Parathion, Dichlorvos, malathion, dimethylate
structure of Parathion,
did you get it?
structure of Dichlorvos,
did you get it?
structure of malathion,
did you get it?
structure of dimethylate
did you get it?
Carbamates
insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don’t last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.
insecticides with a carboxylic amine group, relatively water soluable and easily hydrolized, so they don’t last long in the environment. Toxic to humans in a smiilar manar to organophosphates.
Carbamates
Carbamate structure
did you get it?
Pyrethrins
Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.
Natural insecticides produced by crysanthimums, used as a more environmentaly friendly option, oily but nontoxic to humans, blocks sodium causing convulsions and death.
Pyrethrins
Pyrethrenoids
synthetic pyrethrins that don’t break down as quickly
synthetic pyrethrins that don’t break down as quickly
Pyrethrenoids
Type A organophosphates
active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)
active group has two oxygens (O-P=O)
Type A organophosphates
Type B organophosphates
Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)
Active group ha a double bonded sulfur (O-P=S)
Type B organophosphates
Type C organophosphates
active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)
active group has two sulfurs (S-P=S)
Type C organophosphates
triezenes
six membered rings with 3 integrated nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides
six membered rings with 3 nitrogens and 3 substiuant carbon groups (Two of which usualy match). Used as herbicides
Triezenes
General Triezene structure
Did you get it?
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it’s synthesis
2,4-D herbicide, used to replace 2,4,5-T because it is much less likely to produce dioxins during it’s synthesis
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
Former Popular herbicide for lawn care, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D
Former Popular herbicide for lawn cae, produce lots of dioxins during synthesis, replaced by 2,4-D
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)
2,4-D structure
did you get it?
2,4,5-T structure
did you get it?
Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)
Ia- <5
Ib 5-50
II 50-500
III 500+
Ia- <5
Ib 5-50
II 50-500
III 500+
Chemical classifications based on LOD50 (in mg/kg)
non persitant chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days
have a lifetime in the environment of less than 30 days
non persitant chemicals
moderatly persistanc chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days
have a lifetime in the environment between 30-100 days
moderatly persistanc chemicals
very persistant chemicals
have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.
have a lifetime in the environment of greater than 100 days.
very persistant chemicals
Hexachlorobenzene
a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.
a benzene ring with one chlorine on each carbon.
