water balance osmotic challenges and kidneys Flashcards
what is in urine
water and urea and other waste substances
how is urine produced
small molecules such as water glucose urea and slats pass into tubes inside the kidneys
kidneys filter out good substances (selective réabsorption)
capsule
outer membrane of the kidney
this maintains kidney shape and protects it from damage
cortex
outer part of kidney
medulla
inner part of kidney
nephrons
microscopic tubules where urine is produced
nephron structures
capilairies
collecting duct
loop of henlé
bowman’s capsule
glomerulus
process of making urine (detailed)
blood enters kidney under high pressure from renal artery
this leads to glomerulus where blood vessels narrow increasing pressure forces substances out of capillary wall and into bowman’s capsule
(no proteins can enter so remain in blood stream)
selective reabsorption- all glucose gets absorbed
filtrate passes through loop of henle and collecting ducts that reabsorbs extra water ans salt if needed
ADH anti diuretic hormone
more or less is produced
low water potential means more adh produced
this causes more water to be re absorb more water
how does body respond to lack of water
passing of dark urine
headache and dizziness la lack of energy
dehydration
how body responds to too much water
water will move into cells via osmosis
burts
muscle cramps
confusion
seizures
hypertonic
high levels of glucose and salts
hypotonic
contain low levels of glucose slats
isotonic
contains ion concentrations equal to those in blood plasma
