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Biology flash cards > bio year 10 > Flashcards

bio year 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ecosystem

A

all living organisms in an area

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2
Q

community

A

organisms within an ecosystem

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3
Q

habitat

A

area where living organisms live in

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4
Q

producers

A

make their own food using photosynthesis

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5
Q

consumers

A

all animals
can’t make food for themselves
have to eat other animals

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6
Q

decomposers

A

gain energy by feeding on dead

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7
Q

biomass

A

mass of living material present

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8
Q

biotic

A

living factors

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9
Q

abiotic

A

non living factors

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10
Q

abiotic factors effecting the community include:

A

light intensity (degrees celsius)
temperature (lux)
moisture level %
soil pH (no units )

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11
Q

efficiency of biomass transfer

A

biomass after
———————. x 100
biomass before

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12
Q

biomass lost by

A

cellular respiration
urine
egestion
excretion
not all of the organism might be eaten

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13
Q

denitirfying bacteria

A

gives out nitrogen gas by converting nitrate and nitrite

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14
Q

nitrifying bacteria

A

converts ammonia into nitrate

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15
Q

nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

supply plant with vital nutrients

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16
Q

carbon removed from atmosphere by

A

photosynthesis

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17
Q

carbon released into surroundings by

A

respiration
decomposition
burning fossil fuels

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18
Q

decomposition factors

A

warm temp
moist environment
aerobic conditions

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19
Q

rate of decay

A

change in mass
_________________

time (day)

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20
Q

maintaining internal environment

A

homeostasis

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21
Q

normal body temp

A

37

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22
Q

what happens when you get hot

A

vasodilation
body hairs lower
sweating
blood vessels widen near skin increasing heat being lost

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23
Q

what happens when you get cold

A

vasoconstriction
don’t sweat
hair sticks up which traps a layer of air close to skin
shivering

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24
Q

when blood sugar levels are high what hormone is released

A

insulin

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25
Q

what hormone is released when blood sugar levels are low

A

glucagon

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26
Q

what is glycogen and where is it stored

A

glycogen is extra glucose stored in liver

27
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A
  • cannot produce insulin
  • childhood
  • balanced diet and exercise
  • insulin injections
28
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A
  • cannot effectively use insulin
  • later in life
  • obesity
  • regulating carbohydrate intake
  • exercise
  • lose weight
29
Q

How is urine produced

A
  • small molecules pass into tubes in kidney (filtration)
  • kidney will put back any useful substance (selective reabsorption)
30
Q

where is urine produced

A

in nephrons

31
Q

water potential hormone

A

ADH anti-diuretic hormone

32
Q

glomerulus

A

knot of capillaries
filtration

33
Q

nervous system vs endocrine system

A

nervous system
- nerve impulses
- short effect
-fast speed
- precise area

endocrine system
- hormones
- slower
- blood
- larger area
- longer acting

34
Q

negative feedback definition

A

when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point, there is a continuous cycle of events in negative feedback.

35
Q

what is thyroxine and how it’s controlled

A

thyroxine controls metabolic rate
thyroid gland
TSH hormones stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

36
Q

what is adrenaline and how it’s controlled

A

adrenal glands
‘fight or flight’ response

You start to:
- respire quickly
- increase rate of breathing and heart
- blood focused around muscles

37
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone
released by pituitary gland
causes an egg to mature
stimulates oestrogen production

38
Q

OESTROGEN

A

causes uterus lining to build up
released by ovaries
inhibit FSH (prevents more then one egg maturing )
stimulates LH

39
Q

LH

A

luteinising
triggers ovulation
14th day

40
Q

PROGESTRONE

A

Maintains uterus lining
inhibits LH

41
Q

non hormonal contraceptives

A

barrier methods
(order of effectiveness)
condom
diaphragm
intrauterine device

42
Q

hormonal contraception

A

oestrogen and progesterone pill
progesterone pil

43
Q

infertility causes

A

blocked ducts
not enough sprm
lack of mature eggs
failure of eggs to be released

44
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilisation
collecting eggs and fertilising with sperm outside body

unnatural
expensive
multiple births

45
Q

plant hormone that enables growth towards stimulus

A

auxin

46
Q

phototropism

A

growing towards the light

47
Q

gravitropism

A

same direction and gravity

48
Q

plants responding to light

A

auxins build up in the shaded side of the plant

49
Q

plants respond to gravity by

A

uneven auxin distribution

50
Q

Ethene

A
  • causes fruit to ripen
  • fruit taste sweeter
  • exists as a gas
51
Q

Giberellins fuction

A

promote growth
end dormancy of seeds and buds

52
Q

other auxin functions

A

weed killer (weeds grow fast)
promoting root growth
delay ripening
produce seedless fruit
controlling dormancy

53
Q

artery features

A

thick outer wall
thick layer of muscle
small lumen
high pressure

54
Q

vein features

A

thin outer wall
thick muscle
large lumen
smooth lining
valves that stop blood following in wrong direction

55
Q

capillary features

A

very small lumen
single layer of cells
semipermeable walls

56
Q

order blood travels in heart

A

pulmonary artery (right atrium)
lungs
pulmonary veins (left atrium)
aorta (left atrium)
body
vena cava (right ventricle)

57
Q

what is in blood

A

plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

58
Q

translocation

A

phloem transporting sugars and soluble food molecules
made of living cells
any direction flow
has sieve plates

59
Q

transpiration

A

xylem transports water and mineral ions
made up of dead cells
one way direction (up)
no sieve plate
thick walls

60
Q

what structure do xylem and phloem tissues form

A

vascular bundles

61
Q

what do vascular bundles do

A

in leaf support leaf tissue
in the stem they provide strength
in the root found in centre as an anchor

62
Q

transpiration stream

A

water moves into roots via osmosis
water moves up stem
moves into leaves to replace water loss from evaporation and open stomata

63
Q

Factors affecting transpiration

A

light intensity /-
temperature /
air movement /-
humidity \

64
Q

measuring rate of transpiration
formula

A

rate of movement= distance (mm) / time (s)

Biology flash cards (30 decks)

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