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AQA A-Level Geography 2022-2024 > Water And Carbon Definitions (E) > Flashcards

Water And Carbon Definitions (E) Flashcards

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1
Q

Input

A

The matter or energy that enters the system

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2
Q

Output

A

The matter or energy that leaves the system

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3
Q

Flow

A

When energy or matter is moving stores

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4
Q

Store

A

Where energy or matter stays ( is stored )

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5
Q

Positive feedback

A

Further exaggerating the change

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6
Q

Negative feedback

A

Returning the change to normal

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7
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

A balance of two controls

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8
Q

Open systems

A

Energy and matter can enter + exit the system

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9
Q

Closed systems

A

Matter cannot enter and exit the system

Energy can enter and exit the system

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10
Q

Lithosphere

A

Outermost part of the earth, crust + upper mantle

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11
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Includes all the water on earth, any form, fresh, salty

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12
Q

Cryosphere

A

All frozen water on earth

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Biosphere

A

Where living things are found

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15
Q

Aquifer

A

A store of water underground

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16
Q

Soil water budget

A

The annual balance between precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff

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17
Q

Weather

A

Short term atmosphere conditions

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18
Q

Climate

A

Weather of a specific region averaged over long periods of time

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19
Q

Tricellular model

A

How energy is transferred polewards via Hadley, Feral and Polar cells

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20
Q

Cyclone

A

Large mass of air rotating

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21
Q

Anticyclone

A

Air moves apart and sinks

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22
Q

Depression

A

Areas of low atmospheric pressure

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23
Q

Convection currents

A

The movement of magma moving from hotter areas to cooler areas and to hot ones again

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24
Q

Relief

A

The shape of the land ( how steep)

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25
Q

Topography

A

Shape of the land (mountains, valleys ect)

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26
Q

Orography

A

Features + formations of mountains (shape of mountains)

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27
Q

Coriolis

A

Circulating air is deflected toward the right and left hemisphere

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28
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain

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29
Q

Interception

A

The capture of rain by the plant canopy

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30
Q

Stemflow

A

Water running down a stem/ trunk

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31
Q

Infiltration

A

Water entering soils

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32
Q

Percolation

A

Water traveling through rock

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33
Q

Throughflow

A

Water flowing beneath the surface of the ground

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34
Q

Throughfall

A

Water dripping from leaf to leaf

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35
Q

Evaporation

A

When a liquid becomes a vapour

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36
Q

Transpiration

A

The process of water movement through a plant

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37
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

Evaporation and transpiration

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38
Q

PET

A

Potential evapotranspiration

Amount of water that would be lost by evaporation during the year when water availability is not limited

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39
Q

Runoff

A

Water flowing on the surface

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40
Q

Groundwater flow

A

Water moving in the ground

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41
Q

Soil water budget

A

Amount of water that can stored in the soil

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42
Q

Soil water recharge

A

As water re enters soil

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43
Q

Soil water surplus

A

Soil is saturated, so water flows OVER soil

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44
Q

Soil water utilisation

A

Water drawn to surface of soil through capillary action

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45
Q

Soil water deficit

A

When more water is removed than replaced

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46
Q

Drainage basin

A

The area of land drained by a river + its tributary’s

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47
Q

Water shed

A

An area of land that drains all the streams into a channel

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48
Q

Confluence

A

2 rivers join to form one channel

49
Q

Tributary

A

A small river joins a large one

50
Q

Source

A

Where the water initially starts

51
Q

Mouth

A

End of the river (usually by a sea)

52
Q

Permeable

A

Can travel through

53
Q

Impermeable

A

Can’t travel through

54
Q

Hydrograph

A

Shows how water lives through a system

55
Q

Lag time

A

The delay between peak rainfall + discharge

56
Q

Peak discharge

A

The highest amount of water in the river after rainfall

57
Q

Baseflow

A

The water that is sustained between rainfall in a hydrograph

58
Q

Flashy basin

A

Fast, short lag time

59
Q

Antecedent rainfall

A

The precipitation before the one on the hydrograph - influences runoff ect

60
Q

Cumecs

A

Volume of water

61
Q

Flood

A

Water overflowing onto land

62
Q

Bank full discharge

A

The total amount of water a river can hold without overflowing

63
Q

Water abstraction

A

Taking water from a ground source

64
Q

River regime

A

The annual variation in the discharge or flow of a river at a specific point

65
Q

Insolation

A

The energy from the sun

66
Q

Condensation

A

When vapour becomes a liquid

67
Q

Dew point

A

The temperature at which dew forms (when the temperature massively drops suddenly)

68
Q

Condensation nuclei

A

Tiny particles that water vapour sticks to, to condense as the water has to form droplets of a certain size

69
Q

Carbon

A

CO2 pollutant

70
Q

Carbon sink

A

Where carbon is absorbed/ stored = woodland

71
Q

Carbon source

A

Release co2 into the atmosphere, fossil fuels

72
Q

Marine carbon source

A

Ocean

73
Q

Terrestrial carbon source

A

Land

74
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Hydrocarbon, large contributor to atmosphere

75
Q

Net primary productivity (NPP)

A

Amount of carbon absorbed by forests

76
Q

Succession

A

Where a mix of species/ habitat change overtime

77
Q

Lithosphere

A

Soil outer layer of the earth

78
Q

Psammosere

A

A community, an ecological succession that began life on a newly exposed coastal sand

79
Q

Halosere

A

An ecological succession in a saline water/ environment

80
Q

Hydrosere

A

A plant succession which occurs in an area of fresh water

81
Q

Sere

A

A complete succession of plant communities, which results in the climax community

82
Q

Seral stage

A

Each step in plant succession

83
Q

Climax community

A

The final stage of ecological succession attainable by a plant community

84
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A chemical reaction in plants

85
Q

Decomposers

A

Decompose natural material/ organisms once dead

86
Q

Decomposition

A

The process of the plant/ animal returning to the soil

87
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing

88
Q

Combustion

A

Burning a substance in the presence of oxygen to release energy

89
Q

Carbon sequestration

A

Capturing and storing atmosphere carbon dioxide

90
Q

Weathering

A

The wearing down or breaking of rocks while they are in place

91
Q

Erosion

A

Where materials are worn away

92
Q

Quaternary period

A

The period of time we are living in

93
Q

Permafrost

A

A later that is permanently frozen

94
Q

Albedo

A

How reflective a surface is

95
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Using machines instead of handwork

96
Q

Deforestation

A

Cutting down trees

97
Q

Urbanisation

A

More people living in towns/ city’s

98
Q

Biomass

A

The mass of a plant - water

99
Q

Carbon budget

A

Amount of carbon stored in carbon cycle

100
Q

Petagram

A

A billion metric tons of

101
Q

Plankton

A

Small organism in the ocean

102
Q

Volcanic winter

A

Earths surface cooling from Ash+ sulfer aerosols

103
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

The warming of the earth as the greenhouse gasses increase in the atmosphere

104
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

From human pollution and their impact

105
Q

CH4

A

Methane

106
Q

Greenhouse gases (4)

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Water vapour
Nitrous oxide

107
Q

Carbonic acid

A

Chemical weathering (acid rain)

108
Q

The Paris Agreement

A

Strengthen global response to climate change

109
Q

FSC

A

Forestry stewardship Council

Non government organisation, promote environmentally friendly appropriate, economically viable

110
Q

Selective tree felling

A

Selecting certain trees to cut down

111
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Equator, Forrest in hot humid conditions

112
Q

Drop-Tips

A

Water falling of leaves with pointy leaves

113
Q

Leaf litter

A

The fallen leaves on a forest floor

114
Q

Tree canopy

A

The leaves + branches in the forest (high)

115
Q

Logging

A

Cutting, process of processing + transport (for trees)

116
Q

Ranching

A

Raising herds of animals on large land

117
Q

Slash and burn

A

Removing + drying vegetation + burn to create nutrient rich ash to grow crops on

118
Q

‘Lungs of the earth’

A

TREES

119
Q

Indigenous

A

People or objects native to a certain region

AQA A-Level Geography 2022-2024 (19 decks)

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