P1 Shorterned Case Studys Flashcards
Japan, Tohoku
2011
Magnitude 9 under Pacific Ocean
Destructive plate boundary
10m tsunami
Was a warning minutes before
Killed 20,000
500,000 homeless
Flooded area = 500km
Haiti - multi-hazard
Population = 10 million
On a conservative plate boundary
2010 - earthquake
7 magnitude
6.1 mag aftershocks
Killed 230,000
Epicentre was 24km from capital ‘port au prince’
2008 scientists find plates are jammed
2016 - storm Matthew
Category 5
Killed 1,600
Volcano- Monserrat
Destructive plate boundary
1997 June
An island arc
1995 ash erupted - being monitored
Capital - Plymouth
Killed -19
Volcano- Eyjafallajokull (E15)
2010
Iceland
On Mid Atlantic Ridge
Constructive plate boundary
Ice caps on volcano - flooding
0 died
£130 million lost per day - 6 days flights cancelled
Hurricane Katrina
2005
SE America
Category 3
Formed over Bahamas
250km wind
250mm rain
8.5m storm serge - Mississippi
1836 killed
3 million people with no electricity
Cyclone Nargis
2008
Hit coast of Myanmar
Category 4
215km
5 m storm surge + 2 m waves = 7m
14,000 km2 flooded
140,000 dead
No plans - no monitoring centre - warning was 48 hours before
Government initially refused foreign aid
Wildfire - California
2018
Town = Paradise
50,000 evacuated
85 dead
45 mph winds
153,000 acres burned
80 football pitches per minute
Cause - fallen powerline
Fire seen from space
No initial warning
W+C - The Eden Basin
Cumbria - Lake District
High rock is impermeable
Long narrow basin
Orographic rainfall
10,000 new houses built (1 house = 75 tonnes of carbon)
Storm Desmond -2015 flooding
W+C - The Amazon
Rainforest
In South America, 60% in Brazil
2,000 mm annual rainfall
28 degrees C
Home to 200 million
Absorbs 1/4 of world pollution
4 degrees rise = 85% dead
Severe droughts -2005, 2010, 2015
RAIN = 75% intercepted by canopy 25% evaporated
Landowners must keep minimum of 50% Forrest
Deserts - Sahara
In Africa, covers 10 countries
100mm of annual rain (average)
50 to -10 degrees
Great Green Wall + also in Sahel
70% is desert pavement
25% sandy dunes
5% other landforms
Desert - Atacama
Pacific coast of South America
On Tropic of Capricorn
4 causes of aridity
Fog catchers
Andes mountains
Mainly salt pans (playas)
Desertification - Spain
Southern Europe
2008 - 37% at risk of desertification
Causes = Development, agriculture, climate change
Water pumped N to S
1/3 of earth at risk of desertification
Sahel
Part of Great Green Wall
1970 huge land degradation + droughts
Magic stone lines
Extra statistics
Andalusia - 80 tonnes of top soil lost in this region due to overcultivation of olive trees
8,000km Great Green Wall
CCS - filter in smoke stacker returns chemicals to ground (doesn’t remove emissions from atmosphere)
Carbon in the atmosphere is at its highest in the last 20m years
Peru ,2019, afforestation of 115 acres
Wildfire - Australia
2019-2020
80mph winds
400 people evacuated
60 billion acres burned
Killed 34
Cause - lightning , cigarette, Arson, Australian Defence Force (ADF) mishap
