Water Flashcards
What is the greatest factor that affects water intake?
ambient temperature
What biological factors affect the water requirements of animals?
species, age, breed, sex, productivity, and body weight
What is the classification of water?
macronutrient
What are the three sources of water?
drinking, metabolic, and moisture (feed)
What is the sole source of water in desert and hibernating animals?
metabolic
What is the main source of water in marine animals?
feed water
Water makes up ______ of the body mass of adult animals and more than ________ of the body mass of newborn animals
1/2-2/3, 90%
Inside the body, water is a _______ solvent
universal
What are the functions of water in animals?
Movement of nutrients and metabolites, homeostasis, medium for chemical reactions, part of chemical reactions, shape of cells, cushion for organs and tissue cells, enhance digestion, excretion of waste products, acid-base balance
oxidation of _______ creates the greatest amount of metabolic water
fat
What animal greatly depends on water derived from green forages in their water intake?
sheep
most commercial diets fed to nonruminant animals contains _____ moisture
7-10%
Where is daily water lost?
urine, feces, sweat, saliva, respiration, milk (lactating animals)
Where is the greatest daily water loss?
urine
Urinary water loss depends on ______ and _________
weather and type of food
Consumption of excess water during _______ can increase water volume
heat stress
animals consuming ________ fiber excrete more water in their feces
high
Loss of water in dogs and chickens through sweating is low due to ________-. They compensate for heat loss by __________ and __________
poorly developed sweat glands; panting and drinking more water
water intake depends on:
ambient temperature, energy level, physiological state, and health
High ________, _________, and ________ diets increase water intake
energy, fat, protein
high salt and fiber in diets ________ water consumption
increase
young animals have ________ water requirements per body size when comparing body size
higher
sheep and poultry need lower levels than ______ due to their ability to conserve water
cattle
pregnancy and lactation ________ water intake
increase
What can water restriction lead to?
reduction in feed intake and productivity
Dehydration leads to:
reduction in body weight; consequences are worse in higher environmental temperatures
Dehydration is accompanied by:
loss of electrolytes, increase in body temperature, and increase in respiratory rate
Water toxicity may occur as a result of sudden ingestion of large amounts of water after a ______ period of deprivation and is due to the slow adaption of the ________ to the high water load
short;kidneys
Water toxicity is most common in animals that are __________ or have __________
swimming and gulping water; been limited to water and start drinking freely
What does water quality affect?
consumption, productivity, palatability, and animal health
Contamination of water with _____ is common in farming intensive areas; toxicity can cause death from _______
nitrates; anoxia
pesticides and blue-green ______ can be toxic
algae
iron salts can rust pipes and cause _________________
bacterial contamination
water can affect the development of ____________, a noninfectious disease affecting the brain of feedlot cattle
polioencephalomalacia
water high in _____ promotes polioencephalomalacia
sulfates
