Minerals Flashcards
Minerals are _______ elements that are essential for the animal body’s physiological functions and metabolic processes
inorganic
Mineral matter constitutes __% of the animal’s body weight, and their presence is essential for maintaining life and animal health
4
What are the functions of minerals?
expression and regulation of genes and enzyme systems that regulate cellular function
activity and functionality of vitamins
osmotic balance
detoxification
immunity
cell-membrane function
acid-base balance and regulation
structural support and growth
How many essential minerals are discussed in literature?
21
How are minerals classified?
macro and micro (trace)
- based on the amounts needed in the diet and not on their importance for physiological functions
Macrominerals
are minerals that occur in appreciable amounts in the body and are required in large quantities (>0.01%) in the diet
Examples of macrominerals
calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulfur, sodium, potassium, chloride
Microminerals
are required in trace (<0.010%) amounts
Examples of microminerals
manganese, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, iodine, cobalt, chromium
Minerals cannot be added in their elemental forms but rather need to be added as ____
salts
T/F: Minerals are inorganic elements that provide energy
false, they do not provide energy but they are inorganic
___% of calcium and __% of phosphorous in the animal body occurs in bones and teeth as a compound called hydroxyapatite
99; 80
The other 1% of Calcium is distributed in cellular fluids where it is involved in different metabolic and physiological activities such as:
blood coagulation, nerve impulse and cell permeability maintenance, activation of certain enzymes, muscle contraction, or serving as activators of the ion channels
