Intro to Animal Nutrition

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

The interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repair and replacement, or elaboration of products

Question 2

What are nutrients?

Answer 2

Chemicals or compounds present in feed that support health, basic body maintenance, or productivity. Fundamental nutrients include water, carbs, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals

Question 3

What is nutrition?

Answer 3

It deals with the nutritional needs of food-producing, companion, or service animals. It is the science of preparation or formulation of feed for animals that produce food or nonfood materials.

Question 4

This is also an integrative science that deals with the steps by which the animal ________ feed, or food, and uses it for growth, health, and performance

Answer 4

assimilation

Question 5

Why is nutrition important? Especially in livestock?

Answer 5

In food-producing animals, it is especially important due to the nature of the production systems, the economics of production, or the products.

Question 6

Feed nutrients, such as _______ and _______, are lost to the environment through nature, which can lead to environmental pollution

Answer 6

nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 7

What are the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from manure?

Answer 7

Depending on the nature of feed being fed to livestock, Good quality feeds with high digestibility will minimize or reduce environmental pollution

Question 8

food

Answer 8

edible material that provides nutrients

Question 9

feed

Answer 9

food that is more commonly applied to animals

Question 10

food/feedstuff

Answer 10

any material made into or used as food or feed

Question 11

diet

Answer 11

a mixture of feedstuff used to supply nutrients

Question 12

ration

Answer 12

daily supply of food/feed

Question 13

What nutrients are required by animals?

Answer 13

Nitrogen (amino acids), fats (fatty acids), essential minerals, energy (carbs/protein/fat), fat and water soluble vitamins

Question 14

What are some factors that affect nutrition?

Answer 14

animal age, type of gi tract, level of productivity, type of productivity, dietary components available

Question 15

How often you perform a feed analysis is dependent on….

Answer 15

number of batches, variability of feed sources, cost analysis

Question 16

a balanced ration will _____ gain, _____ expense, and_____ profit

Answer 16

increase/decrease/increase

Question 17

What should a good ration be?

Answer 17

balanced, succulent, palatable, bulky, economical, and suitable

Question 18

How to get rid of moisture and find dry matter in a feed analysis

Answer 18

oven

Question 19

how to find crude protein in a feed analysis

Answer 19

Kjeldahl procedur

Question 20

how to dins crude fat in a feed analysis

Answer 20

ether extract

Question 21

how to find crude fiber in a feed analysis

Answer 21

acid/base digestion

Question 22

how to find mineral in a feed analysis

Answer 22

ash

Question 23

how to find nitrogen free extract

Answer 23

determined by difference (starch/sugar)

Question 24

What is the first step in proximate analysis?

Answer 24

eliminate water from feed

Question 25

Most feeds are around __% Dry matter

Answer 25

90

Question 26

An increase in dry matter would signify a decrease in_____

Answer 26

moisture

Question 27

The analysis of crude protein depends on the measurement of ______

Answer 27

nitrogen

Question 28

Nitrogen * 6.25=

Answer 28

Crude protein

Question 29

Kjeldahl procedure is limited for _____ because it does not indicate the quality of protein

Answer 29

nonruminants

Question 30

What does ether extract assume?

Answer 30

that all substances soluble in ether are fats (not entirely true)

Question 31

ether extract does not indicate anything about quality of ___

Answer 31

fat

Question 32

_____ is the residue remaining after all other organic nutrients have been burned off/oxidized

Answer 32

ash

Question 33

ash contains:

Answer 33

contaminants, minerals, dirt

Question 34

high values of ash may indicate

Answer 34

contamination

Question 35

what does crude fiber estimate?

Answer 35

the indigestible fraction of feed fermented in the hindgut by microbes

Question 36

The detergent fiber system is taking the place of the _____

Answer 36

crude fiber term

Question 37

Nitrogen free extract is _____ not ______ and represents the soluble CHOs

Answer 37

calculated, analyzed

Question 38

The detergent fiber includes ____ and _____

Answer 38

NDF (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin); ADF (cellulose and lignin)

Question 39

NDF-ADF=

Answer 39

hemicellulose

Question 40

Detergent fiber system is a ____ way of predicting the digestibility of forages for animals

Answer 40

better