Intro to Animal Nutrition Flashcards
What is nutrition?
The interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth, tissue repair and replacement, or elaboration of products
What are nutrients?
Chemicals or compounds present in feed that support health, basic body maintenance, or productivity. Fundamental nutrients include water, carbs, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals
What is nutrition?
It deals with the nutritional needs of food-producing, companion, or service animals. It is the science of preparation or formulation of feed for animals that produce food or nonfood materials.
This is also an integrative science that deals with the steps by which the animal ________ feed, or food, and uses it for growth, health, and performance
assimilation
Why is nutrition important? Especially in livestock?
In food-producing animals, it is especially important due to the nature of the production systems, the economics of production, or the products.
Feed nutrients, such as _______ and _______, are lost to the environment through nature, which can lead to environmental pollution
nitrogen and phosphorus
What are the emission of methane and nitrous oxide from manure?
Depending on the nature of feed being fed to livestock, Good quality feeds with high digestibility will minimize or reduce environmental pollution
food
edible material that provides nutrients
feed
food that is more commonly applied to animals
food/feedstuff
any material made into or used as food or feed
diet
a mixture of feedstuff used to supply nutrients
ration
daily supply of food/feed
What nutrients are required by animals?
Nitrogen (amino acids), fats (fatty acids), essential minerals, energy (carbs/protein/fat), fat and water soluble vitamins
What are some factors that affect nutrition?
animal age, type of gi tract, level of productivity, type of productivity, dietary components available
How often you perform a feed analysis is dependent on….
number of batches, variability of feed sources, cost analysis
a balanced ration will _____ gain, _____ expense, and_____ profit
increase/decrease/increase
What should a good ration be?
balanced, succulent, palatable, bulky, economical, and suitable
How to get rid of moisture and find dry matter in a feed analysis
oven
how to find crude protein in a feed analysis
Kjeldahl procedur
how to dins crude fat in a feed analysis
ether extract
how to find crude fiber in a feed analysis
acid/base digestion
how to find mineral in a feed analysis
ash
how to find nitrogen free extract
determined by difference (starch/sugar)
What is the first step in proximate analysis?
eliminate water from feed
Most feeds are around __% Dry matter
90
An increase in dry matter would signify a decrease in_____
moisture
The analysis of crude protein depends on the measurement of ______
nitrogen
Nitrogen * 6.25=
Crude protein
Kjeldahl procedure is limited for _____ because it does not indicate the quality of protein
nonruminants
What does ether extract assume?
that all substances soluble in ether are fats (not entirely true)
ether extract does not indicate anything about quality of ___
fat
_____ is the residue remaining after all other organic nutrients have been burned off/oxidized
ash
ash contains:
contaminants, minerals, dirt
high values of ash may indicate
contamination
what does crude fiber estimate?
the indigestible fraction of feed fermented in the hindgut by microbes
The detergent fiber system is taking the place of the _____
crude fiber term
Nitrogen free extract is _____ not ______ and represents the soluble CHOs
calculated, analyzed
The detergent fiber includes ____ and _____
NDF (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin); ADF (cellulose and lignin)
NDF-ADF=
hemicellulose
Detergent fiber system is a ____ way of predicting the digestibility of forages for animals
better
