Water Flashcards
Matter - give ex
- Matter is anything that takes up space
- Example: desk, chair
- Not an example: sunlight
Mass
the atoms that make up something
Atomic mass
- Found in the nucleus
- Subatomic particles that it includes are protons and neutrons
Atomic number
number of the protons in the nucleus
Element
is a pure substance made of one type of atom
Atoms
nucleus makes up the atom’s mass. all matter in the universe is composed of atoms
Proton
- Positive charge
- In the nucleus
- 1 amu
- Determines the property of an element
tiNeutron
- Neutral/zero/neither charge
- in the nucleus
- 1 amu
- holds the nucleus together
Electron
- Negative charge
- surrounds the nucleus
- 0 amu
- responsible for chemical reactions
Nucleus of an atom - particles
protons and neutrons
energy level - what travels around the energy levels?
electrons
shell rule: how many electrons in each level?
2 in the 1st one up, to 8 in every other one / 2,8,8
How do you figure out the # of neutrons in the nucleus?
from the what?
subtract the number of protons from the mass.
How do you figure out the # of electrons?
the number of protons
Compound - give ex
2 or more bounded elements. Example: h2o
Chemical bonds
think of what an electron does
Share or transfer of an electron, causing a chemical reaction
Ionic bond
has to do with chemical reactions
when 2 atoms share 1 or more electrons between them.
Molecule
mention what type of bond
Groups of 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
What is the chemical formula for water?
h20
What type of bonds hold a single water molecule together?
Covalent bonds
What type of bonds hold multiple water molecules together?
hydrogen bonds
Describe why water is considered a polar molecule
yes electrons, but what about them?
uneven sharing of electrons
What charge does the oxygen atom have in a water molecule?
negative
What charge does a hydrogen atom have in a water molecule?
positive
Why is water considered a universal solvent?
because it dissolves most other substances
What is cohesion?
two like-substances sticking together. Ex: water to water, oil to oil
What is adhesion?
two different substances sticking together ex: water to glass
How does capillary action happen?
has to do w water
The pull of water up a narrow, thin tube, against gravity due to cohesion and adhesion
Where do you see capillary action in real life? - give ex
- Water flowing up the xylem, from the roots to the leaves of the plant
- Plants use capillary action to bring water up the roots and stems to the rest of the plant.
- Because water molecules like to stick together (cohesion) and like to stick to the walls of the tubes of cellulose (adhesion),
- they rise up the tubes all the way from the roots to the leaves.
- Water then evaporates from the leaves, helping to draw up more water from the roots. This process is called capillary action.
- other ex: celery
What does it mean if a molecule is nonpolar? Examples
remember oxygen
- even pull on electrons
- wax and oil
Why is soap necessary?
Soap has polar and nonpolar ends, the water sticks to the polar ends, and oil/gunk sticks to the nonpolar ends.
