Biochem - CHONPS Flashcards
What is the monomer for a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
What is the chemical formula for a monosaccharide and disaccharide?
C12,H22,O11
What is the carbohydrate that is in usable form in our body?
gluclose
What elements are in carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
True or false: All monosaccharides are isomers (same chemical formula, different structure) of one another
True
Compare saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (bonds, appearance, if they are good or bad for you, where they are mostly found, which is from plants or animals, etc.)
Unsaturated:
- Kinked
- Healthy
- Mainly from plants
- 1+ bond
Saturated:
- Bad
- Straight
- Single bonds
- Mainly from plants
What makes up a triglyceride?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What does a phospholipid make up in a cell?
cell membrane
What are the parts of a phospholipid?
2 fatty acids and a glycerol
Monomer for protein?
amino acids
What are the roles of proteins in our body?
include 5 things!!! what is it not considered?
- Builds body and cell structures: HAIR, SKIN, NAILS, MUSCLE, ORGANS
- Helps with immunity: ANTIBODIES
- Speeds up chemical reactions: ENZYMES (ex. Lipase breaks down lipids).
- Transfers O2 to cells: HEMOGLOBIN on red blood cells
- NOT considered an energy source.
What elements are found in proteins?
CHON
What are enzymes? Be able to identify it
Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up reactions inside cells
- Ex: lactase, amylase
What are the two nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
nucleotide
List some steroids
Testosterone, cholesterol
What element do proteins have that you would not find in carbohydrates or lipids?
nitrogen
What type of bond holds two amino acids together, forming a dipeptide?
Peptide bond
What are the parts of a phospholipid?
a phospholipid is not a polysaccharide
A head and two fatty acid tails
name some other types of lipids
remember steroids and their connection to lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, hormones, and cholesterol
Dehydration synthesis
combining molecules by removing water
Hydrolysis
breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules with water
What are organic compounds? Inorganic compounds?
4 in organic, 3 in inorganic
Organic: sugars, fats, oils, and amino acids.
Inorganic: salt, water, metals
