Biochem - CHONPS #2 Flashcards
Describe some factors that may influence enzyme activity.
- Temperature: Enzymes have an optimal temperature range. High temperatures can denature enzymes (alter their structure), while low temperatures can slow down their activity.
- pH Level: Each enzyme has an optimal pH. Deviations from this range can disrupt the enzyme’s structure and active site, affecting its activity.
- Genetic Factors: Mutations or changes in the gene encoding an enzyme can affect its structure and function.
Why can’t you unlock your neighbor’s door with your key?
remember how enzymes are specific and unique
- Just as each key fits only its corresponding lock, enzymes are specific to their substrates.
- Each enzyme has a unique active site designed to bind with specific substrates, allowing for particular biochemical reactions.
- If the shape of the key (enzyme) does not match the lock (substrate), the enzyme cannot catalyze the reaction, just as the key won’t open a different lock.
Dna
3 things!!
- determines the traits (heredity)
- Double helix
- staircase form
Rna
- Helps makes protein
- single stranded
- half of staircase form
what do enzymes do
enzymes are proteins. they speed up reactions by lowering activation energy (energy needed to start reaction)
What do enzymes end in & list some examples
- ase/lase
- amylase, maltase, lipase, lactase,
pepsin (stomach enzyme)
List some things that enzymes do
details, appearence, TYPE, where they’re found,
- There are many different types of enzymes and they come in all shapes and sizes
- enzymes can be recycled
- Enzymes are all over the body and help the cell with many different processes.
Where is amylase found?
mouth
What is an active site?
A region or groove of an enzyme that binds to other molecules (substrates).
Every enzyme has an active site. How does an active site relate to a substrate?
simple answer
The active site of an enzyme has a shape that the substrate fits into.
Glycogen is what type of macromolecule?
carbs
Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers, using polysaccharides as an example.
start off by explaining how monomers link together, then relate the two
- Monomers link together through a process called dehydration synthesis
- Monomers serve as the building blocks of polymers. In polysaccharides, monosaccharides link together to form complex carbohydrates, which play crucial roles in energy storage and structural integrity in living organisms.
Name the two basic kinds of nucleic acids. What sugar does each contain?
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): RNA contains the sugar ribose.
dna are
(Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides?)
polymers
What is the purpose of glycogen?
stored sugar in animal muscle
What is an isomer to fructose, a monosaccharide?
glucose
Which macromolecule contains phosphorus?
nucleic acid
Lactose
broken down by?
is broken down by lactase
How many nitrogens does a dipeptide have (at minimum)?
two
C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a?
monosaccaride
Where is energy stored in lipids?
remember CHONP and what lipids have
Inside H-C bonds
shape of polysaccharides?
spiral, branched out structures
True of False: Maltase is an enzyme/protein used to break down maltose, a carbohydrate
true
How many valence electrons does Carbon have?
4
two amino acids bonded together form what?
know the difference between monomers and amino acids!!
dipeptide
What macromolecule looks like a glob shape and unwinds during digestion?
protein
Glucose and Fructose are?
sugar
isomers
The polymer of carbohydrates
polysaccharides
T or F: The monomer for lipids are amino acids
False, the monomer for lipids are fatty acids and glycerol
The monomer for a protein is
amino acid
T or F: fiber is a carbohydrate
true
Which is a function of carbohydrates?
structural support and short term energy
true or false: lipids do make up our hemoglobin on red blood cells
false
Unsaturated or saturated: A lipid with all single bonds
saturated
Which suffix means sugar and which means protein?
ose- sugar, ase- protein
Disaccharide, Monosaccarides, Polysaccharides: how many?
Mon: one, Di: two, Poly: many
Which macromolecule helps with the making of proteins?
ribonucleic acid
Which lipid has 2 fatty acids
Phospholipid
