cells and organelles

Question 1

Endoplasmic Reticulum (P & A) (list the role, and what the rough and smooth er do)

Answer 1

• ROLE: Transports material through the cell
• Rough ER - tubes with ribosomes “stuck” to it. Proteins are released after being made in ribosomes. Transfers proteins
• Smooth ER - tubes that make/transfer membrane lipids and carbs. No ribosomes

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

• Assembles amino acids into proteins
• Extremely small and circular
• Made in the nucleolus of the nucleus
  Found floating freely in the cytoplasm and attached to the Rough ER

Question 3

What is the cell theory?

Answer 3

• CELL THEORY
• All living things are made up of cells
• Smallest units of life are single cells
• Cells are found in vastly different shapes, sizes, colors and DO NOT all have the same structures

Question 4

What is unicellular?

Answer 4

made up of one cell

Question 5

What is multicellular?

Answer 5

composed of many cells that may organize into tissues

Question 6

Prokaryote vrs Eukaryote

Answer 6

Prokaryote:
- Bacteria
- Unicellular only
- NO NUCLEUS
- No membrane bound organelles
- Single chromosome

Eukaryote:
- Everything but bacteria
- Uni or multicellular organisms
- HAS NUCLEUS
- Many membrane bound organelles
- Multiple chromosomes

Question 7

Specialized plant cell example

Answer 7

Guard Cells, Xylem cells, Pollen

Question 8

Specialized Animal Cells example

Answer 8

Muscle cells, Red blood cells, Cheek cells

Question 9

what are stem cells and unspecialized stem cells?

Answer 9

• Stem Cells: Undifferentiated
• Unspecialized Cells- no particular function yet

Question 10

Pluripotent (Embryonic Stem Cells)

Answer 10

cells that can become almost any cell in the body
Derived from 3-5 day old embryos (embryonic stem cells)

Question 11

Multipotent (Adult/Somatic Stem Cells)

Answer 11

• cells that are unspecialized, but are limited to what type they can differentiate into
• Ex: Bone marrow stem cells can become any type of blood cell but not a brain cell
  Found in multicellular organism bodies and umbilical cord blood

Question 12

Multicellular organisms

Answer 12

Cells in multicellular organisms often specialize aka take on different shape and sizes. (such as liver, kidneys, bone, skin)