DNA and RNA test Flashcards
1
Q
Codon
A
- sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA
2
Q
Anti-codon
A
- sequence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA
3
Q
What are the enzymes involved in RNA
A
RNA polymerase and helicase
4
Q
Describe what sickle-cell anemia is: its symptoms, consequences, bad or good, etc
A
- disease caused by the mutation of one nuceotide that codes for normal red blood cells, causing the change in one amino acid
- for ex: a regular cell might have GAG, but sickle cell would have GTG
- effects: sickle shaped, sticky, hemogoblin differs
- side effects on person: fatigue, extreme pain in muscle, swelling, etc
- those who have it carry a gene that is often immune to malaria
5
Q
How mutations come to be and what has to happen for a mutation to be passed down
A
- Errors during DNA replication
- Chemical changes in DNA
- Insertions/Deletions
- Radiation/Chemicals/Viruses
- Chromosomal mutations
- to be passed down: mutation in germ cells (GAMETES!!), heredity, natural selection
6
Q
Where does translation and transcription occur
A
- transcription: nucleus
- translation: cytoplasm (ribosomes)
7
Q
What is translation
A
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in mRNA. The mRNA is made by copying DNA, and the information it carries tells the cell how to link amino acids together to form proteins.
8
Q
What are the enzymes involved in transcription
A
RNA polymerase, helicase
9
Q
What type of bonds form a protein in translation
A
Covalent peptide bonds
10
Q
Importance of protein?
A
11
Q
Difference between chromosomal and gene mutations
A
