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BACTERIOLOGY > W7- Non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli > Flashcards

W7- Non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic of non-fermenters

A

Fail to :

  • acidify
  • acidify TSIA
  • prefer in an aerobic environment
  • ubiquitous
  • oxidase +
  • moist environments
  • easy to colonized immunocompromised patients
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2
Q

What are the clinical infections cause by Non-fermentative, gram negative bacilli ?

A
  • septicemia
  • meningitis
  • osteomyelitis
  • wound infections
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3
Q

Biochemical characteristics & identification of Fermenters

A
  • acid YELLOW butt
  • RED on Slant on TSI or KIA
  • fastidious
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4
Q

Biochemical characteristics & identification of non- Fermenters

A
  • no acidic reaction

- NO change in the butt & slant may produce an alkaline (RED) slant

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5
Q

What are the common test for Non-fermenters

A
  • growth on MAC agar
  • oxidase reaction
  • glucose O-F test
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6
Q

What are the groups of non-fermenters that make up most isolates routinely seen in clinical laboratories?

A
  • Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (blue-green pigmentation)
  • Acinetobacter spp (purple[macconkey] )
  • Burkholderia spp (wrinkled colonies)
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (lavender-lavender-green[blood agar])
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7
Q

a method pf identification of bacteria & fungi from colonies based on analysis of the unique spectra of their peptides when separated in a mass spectrophotometer
-it has high level of accuracy and reproducibility

A

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

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8
Q

What genus has the largest percentage of all non-fermenters isolated from clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

What are the characteristics common to most of the pseudomonas?

A
  • gram NEGATIVE bacillus or coccobacillus
  • Aerobic metabolism
  • MOTILE usually with polar flagellum or polar tuft of flagella
  • usually growsa on MAC agar
  • some species are ASACCHAROLYTIC
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10
Q

What is the most commonly isolated species of the genus pseudomonas in clinical specimens?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa cause MILD ILLNESS in health people and SEVERE infections in people with weak immune system

A

true

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12
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa is the leading cause of NOSOCOMIAL respiratory tract infections

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Is tis the 3rd most common cause of gram negative bacillary bacteremia

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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14
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa is a common cause of lung infections in people with CF (cystic fibrosis)

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Where is pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from?

A

Sterile body site (ex., blood, pleural fluid, joint fluids, tissues, and CSF)

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16
Q

What are the LESS serious conditions associated with P. aeruginosa?

A
  • Otitis externa

- infections of the nail beds in artificial nails

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17
Q

What is the most important virulence factor for P. aeruginosa

A

Exotoxins A

Functions similarly to: diphtheria toxin by blocking protein synthesis

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18
Q

it is produced by most strains of P. aeruginosa and combined with pyoverdin it produces the GREEN COLOR on MHA ( meulle hinton agar)

A

pyocyanin

NOTE: Pyorubin (RED)
Pyomelanin (BROWN or BLACK )
PYOVERDIN (GREEN)
Pyocyanin (BLUE)

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19
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is RESISTANT to:

A
  • Penicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • 1st and 2nd gen of Cephalosporins
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)
  • Chloramphenicol
  • tetracycline
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20
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is SUSCEPTIBLE to:

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Semisynthetic penicillin: piperacillin and ticarcillin
  • 3rd and 4th gen of Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems
  • fluoroquinolones
21
Q

What is the treatment for SEVERE P. aeruginosa infection

A

requires combination therapy

22
Q

What species of Pseudomonas has very low virulence and rarely causing clinical disease

  • produce pyoverdin cannot produce pyocyanin
  • can gown 4 c
A

Pseudomonas fluorescens & Pseudomonas putida

23
Q

Catheter-related sepsis in patients with cancer

A

P.putida

24
Q

In this test you can differentiate p. putida and P. fluorescens

A

Gelatin hydrolysis
P. putida is NEGATIVE’
P. fluoresnces in POSITIVE

25
Q

Is it rarely seen but easily recognizable because of its MACROSCOPIC appearance of WRINKLED, LEATHERY, adherent colonies that may produce a LIGHT YELLOW or BROWN pigment

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

26
Q

Rarely isolated form human specimens, found in soil and water
-produces NONWRINKLED , flat colonies, yellow to brown pigment

A

Psuedomonas mendocina

27
Q

often considered contaminants

-MALDI-TOF or DNA sequencing is their definitive species differentiation

A

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 7 pseudomonas alcaligenes

28
Q

it is rarely isolated form humans but have been isolated form wounds, abscesses, blood culture, peritoneal & CAPD
- WRINKLED or Rough colonies at 48 hrs

A

Pseudomonas Luteola & Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

NOTE: P. oryzihabitans has been found in JAPANESE RICE paddies

29
Q

What are the characteristic of ACINETOBACTER spp

A
  • ubiquitous

- associated with ventilators, humidifiers, catheters, & othr devices

30
Q

What are the 2 species commonly seen in clinical specimens for the genus Acinetobacter

A

-A. baumannii
(glucose -oxidizing)
-A. lwoffii (glucose negative)

both are nonhemolytic

31
Q

T/F

Acinetobacter are opportunistic

A

TRUE

32
Q

How to identify Acinetobacters

A
  • strictly aerobic
  • gram negative coccobacilli
  • produce PURPLISH HUE
  • capable of growing on most lab media including MAC agar
33
Q

it is the 3rd most common non-fermentative, gram negative bacillus

  • ubiquitous
  • very common in the hospital environment (e.g., blood drawing equip, disinfectant, transducers, and othr equip
A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

34
Q

They are regarded as a SAPROPHYTE or COLONIZER

-they can easily colonize the respiratory tract of hosp patients

A

STERNOTROPHONOMAS MAPTOPHILIA

35
Q

How to identify Stenotrophonomas maltophilia in the media

A
  • BLUISH colonies
  • catalse +
  • gram neg
36
Q

What is the drug of choice for most infection causing strenotrophonomas maltophilia

A

SXT -Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

37
Q

it causes ENDOCARDITIS

  • contains pant pathogens that have arisen as opportunistic organisms , usually associated with PNEUMONIA in patients with CF (cystic fibrosis) CPD (chronic granulomatous disease )
  • isolated from fluids used in the hospital (e.g, intravenous fluids, anesthetic and othr)
A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

38
Q

What is considered as the most effective in reducing overgrowth while maintaining good recovery of B. cepacia (nonwrinkled colonies)

A

BCSA B. cepacia-selective agar

39
Q

it causes GLANDERS ( a respiratory tract zoonosis primarily affecting livestock such as HORSES, MULES, DONKEYS

A

BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI

40
Q

T/F

Bukholderia mallei is a potential BIOTERRORISM AGENT

A

TRUE

41
Q

it causes MELIOIDOSIS / whitemore’s disease

  • overwhelming septicemia
  • most common presentation: orbital cellulitis, decrocystitis, drainig abscesses
  • found in water & muddy soils
A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

42
Q

How to identify pseudomallei

A
  • WRINKLED colony in SBA
  • DEEP PINK colonies in Ashdown medium
  • earthy odor
43
Q

it is use for the confirmatory of B. pseudomallei septicemia and provides a definitive identification

A

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

44
Q

for the identification of many of the Burkholderia spp., including B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei
-give rapid & accurate lab dx

A

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction

45
Q

is the most frequent isolate in the genus Moraxella

A

M. catarrhalis

46
Q

is the second most commonly isolated member if the genus moraxella

  • resides in the respiratory
  • rarely cause disease in humans
A

M. nonliquefaciens

47
Q
  • motile
  • peritrichous flagella
  • bacteremia in AIDS pt
A

Oligella ureolytica

48
Q
  • Non-motile

- genitourinary tract commensal

A

Oligella urethalis

BACTERIOLOGY (18 decks)

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