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BACTERIOLOGY > W7- Non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli > Flashcards

W7- Non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristic of non-fermenters

A

Fail to :

  • acidify
  • acidify TSIA
  • prefer in an aerobic environment
  • ubiquitous
  • oxidase +
  • moist environments
  • easy to colonized immunocompromised patients
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2
Q

What are the clinical infections cause by Non-fermentative, gram negative bacilli ?

A
  • septicemia
  • meningitis
  • osteomyelitis
  • wound infections
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3
Q

Biochemical characteristics & identification of Fermenters

A
  • acid YELLOW butt
  • RED on Slant on TSI or KIA
  • fastidious
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4
Q

Biochemical characteristics & identification of non- Fermenters

A
  • no acidic reaction

- NO change in the butt & slant may produce an alkaline (RED) slant

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5
Q

What are the common test for Non-fermenters

A
  • growth on MAC agar
  • oxidase reaction
  • glucose O-F test
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6
Q

What are the groups of non-fermenters that make up most isolates routinely seen in clinical laboratories?

A
  • Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (blue-green pigmentation)
  • Acinetobacter spp (purple[macconkey] )
  • Burkholderia spp (wrinkled colonies)
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (lavender-lavender-green[blood agar])
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7
Q

a method pf identification of bacteria & fungi from colonies based on analysis of the unique spectra of their peptides when separated in a mass spectrophotometer
-it has high level of accuracy and reproducibility

A

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

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8
Q

What genus has the largest percentage of all non-fermenters isolated from clinical specimens?

A

Pseudomonas

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9
Q

What are the characteristics common to most of the pseudomonas?

A
  • gram NEGATIVE bacillus or coccobacillus
  • Aerobic metabolism
  • MOTILE usually with polar flagellum or polar tuft of flagella
  • usually growsa on MAC agar
  • some species are ASACCHAROLYTIC
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10
Q

What is the most commonly isolated species of the genus pseudomonas in clinical specimens?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa cause MILD ILLNESS in health people and SEVERE infections in people with weak immune system

A

true

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12
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa is the leading cause of NOSOCOMIAL respiratory tract infections

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Is tis the 3rd most common cause of gram negative bacillary bacteremia

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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14
Q

T/F

P. aeruginosa is a common cause of lung infections in people with CF (cystic fibrosis)

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Where is pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from?

A

Sterile body site (ex., blood, pleural fluid, joint fluids, tissues, and CSF)

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16
Q

What are the LESS serious conditions associated with P. aeruginosa?

A
  • Otitis externa

- infections of the nail beds in artificial nails

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17
Q

What is the most important virulence factor for P. aeruginosa

A

Exotoxins A

Functions similarly to: diphtheria toxin by blocking protein synthesis

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18
Q

it is produced by most strains of P. aeruginosa and combined with pyoverdin it produces the GREEN COLOR on MHA ( meulle hinton agar)

A

pyocyanin

NOTE: Pyorubin (RED)
Pyomelanin (BROWN or BLACK )
PYOVERDIN (GREEN)
Pyocyanin (BLUE)

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19
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is RESISTANT to:

A
  • Penicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • 1st and 2nd gen of Cephalosporins
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)
  • Chloramphenicol
  • tetracycline
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20
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is SUSCEPTIBLE to:

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Semisynthetic penicillin: piperacillin and ticarcillin
  • 3rd and 4th gen of Cephalosporins
  • Carbapenems
  • fluoroquinolones
21
Q

What is the treatment for SEVERE P. aeruginosa infection

A

requires combination therapy

22
Q

What species of Pseudomonas has very low virulence and rarely causing clinical disease

  • produce pyoverdin cannot produce pyocyanin
  • can gown 4 c
A

Pseudomonas fluorescens & Pseudomonas putida

23
Q

Catheter-related sepsis in patients with cancer

24
Q

In this test you can differentiate p. putida and P. fluorescens

A

Gelatin hydrolysis
P. putida is NEGATIVE’
P. fluoresnces in POSITIVE

25
Is it rarely seen but easily recognizable because of its MACROSCOPIC appearance of WRINKLED, LEATHERY, adherent colonies that may produce a LIGHT YELLOW or BROWN pigment
Pseudomonas stutzeri
26
Rarely isolated form human specimens, found in soil and water -produces NONWRINKLED , flat colonies, yellow to brown pigment
Psuedomonas mendocina
27
often considered contaminants | -MALDI-TOF or DNA sequencing is their definitive species differentiation
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 7 pseudomonas alcaligenes
28
it is rarely isolated form humans but have been isolated form wounds, abscesses, blood culture, peritoneal & CAPD - WRINKLED or Rough colonies at 48 hrs
Pseudomonas Luteola & Pseudomonas oryzihabitans NOTE: P. oryzihabitans has been found in JAPANESE RICE paddies
29
What are the characteristic of ACINETOBACTER spp
- ubiquitous | - associated with ventilators, humidifiers, catheters, & othr devices
30
What are the 2 species commonly seen in clinical specimens for the genus Acinetobacter
-A. baumannii (glucose -oxidizing) -A. lwoffii (glucose negative) both are nonhemolytic
31
T/F | Acinetobacter are opportunistic
TRUE
32
How to identify Acinetobacters
- strictly aerobic - gram negative coccobacilli - produce PURPLISH HUE - capable of growing on most lab media including MAC agar
33
it is the 3rd most common non-fermentative, gram negative bacillus - ubiquitous - very common in the hospital environment (e.g., blood drawing equip, disinfectant, transducers, and othr equip
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
34
They are regarded as a SAPROPHYTE or COLONIZER | -they can easily colonize the respiratory tract of hosp patients
STERNOTROPHONOMAS MAPTOPHILIA
35
How to identify Stenotrophonomas maltophilia in the media
- BLUISH colonies - catalse + - gram neg
36
What is the drug of choice for most infection causing strenotrophonomas maltophilia
SXT -Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
37
it causes ENDOCARDITIS - contains pant pathogens that have arisen as opportunistic organisms , usually associated with PNEUMONIA in patients with CF (cystic fibrosis) CPD (chronic granulomatous disease ) - isolated from fluids used in the hospital (e.g, intravenous fluids, anesthetic and othr)
Burkholderia cepacia complex
38
What is considered as the most effective in reducing overgrowth while maintaining good recovery of B. cepacia (nonwrinkled colonies)
BCSA B. cepacia-selective agar
39
it causes GLANDERS ( a respiratory tract zoonosis primarily affecting livestock such as HORSES, MULES, DONKEYS
BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI
40
T/F | Bukholderia mallei is a potential BIOTERRORISM AGENT
TRUE
41
it causes MELIOIDOSIS / whitemore's disease - overwhelming septicemia - most common presentation: orbital cellulitis, decrocystitis, drainig abscesses - found in water & muddy soils
Burkholderia pseudomallei
42
How to identify pseudomallei
- WRINKLED colony in SBA - DEEP PINK colonies in Ashdown medium - earthy odor
43
it is use for the confirmatory of B. pseudomallei septicemia and provides a definitive identification
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
44
for the identification of many of the Burkholderia spp., including B. cepacia and B. pseudomallei -give rapid & accurate lab dx
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction
45
is the most frequent isolate in the genus Moraxella
M. catarrhalis
46
is the second most commonly isolated member if the genus moraxella - resides in the respiratory - rarely cause disease in humans
M. nonliquefaciens
47
- motile - peritrichous flagella - bacteremia in AIDS pt
Oligella ureolytica
48
- Non-motile | - genitourinary tract commensal
Oligella urethalis

BACTERIOLOGY (18 decks)

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