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BACTERIOLOGY > 1- GRAM POSITIVE COCCI ( CATALASE POSITIVE) > Flashcards

1- GRAM POSITIVE COCCI ( CATALASE POSITIVE) Flashcards

1
Q

3 major pathogenic spp. of Staphylococci

A

S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

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2
Q

-the most virulent species of staphylococcus encountered
-normal flora of the nares, nasopharynx, perianal area, and skin

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

MOT (mode of transmission) for staphylococcus aureus

A
  1. traumatic introduction to sterile sites
  2. person-to-person, fomites
  3. aerosolized (droplets)
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4
Q

appears as slime layer/ biofilm; inhibits phagocytosis

A

capsule

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5
Q

activates complements, IL-1, and act as chemotactic factor for the recruitment of PMNs

A

Peptidoglycan

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6
Q

a surface protein bound to the cytoplasmic membrane of the organism, and has a high affinity for the fc receptor on IgG molecules as well as complement

A

Protein A

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7
Q

4 kinds of cytotoxins

A

-alpha toxins
-beta toxin
-delta toxin
-gamma toxin

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8
Q

it disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels; toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, and platelets

A

Alpha toxin

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9
Q

catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids resulting in cell lysis

A

Beta toxin

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10
Q

cytolytic to RBCs and demonstrates nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mamalian cells

A

Delta toxin

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11
Q

responsible for the various skin, wound, and deep tissue infection

A

gamma toxin

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12
Q

resistant to hydrolysis by the gastric and intestinal enzymes

A

Enterotoxin

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13
Q

toxic to wbcs; prevents clearance of the organism by the immune system

A

Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)

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14
Q

a serine protease that splits the intracellular bridges of the peidermidis

A

Exfoliative toxin

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15
Q

initiates skin infection, degradation of fats and oil, colonization of sebaceous glands

A

lipase

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16
Q

fibrin formation around the bacteria; protects organism from phagocytosis

A

Coagulase

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17
Q

spreading factor; duran-reynauld factor

A

Hyaluronidase

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18
Q

resistance of B-lactams; disrupts the B-lactam portion of the penicillin molecule

A

Penicillinase

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19
Q

promotes fibrinolysis

A

Staphylokinase

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20
Q

increased organisms mobility

A

DNAse / Thermonuclease

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21
Q

type of carriers

A
  1. persistent carriers
  2. intermittent carriers
  3. noncarrier
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22
Q

harbor a single strain for an extended period of time

A

Persistent carriers

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23
Q

harbor different strains over time

A

Intermittent carriers

24
Q

do not harbor any organism

A

Noncarriers

25
Q

it is the initial presumptive identification method for ALL gram positive cocci

A

Gram staining

26
Q

it differentiate staphylococci, micrococcus, and streptococcus

A

Catalase test

Result:
(+) staphylococcus and micrococcus
(-) streptococcus

27
Q

Reagent used in catalase test

A

Hydrogen peroxide

3% H2O2 = staphy & micrococcus
15% H2O2= anaerobes
30% H2O2= N. gonorrhea and Mycobacterium

28
Q

Positive result in catalase test

A

Bubbling/ effervescences

29
Q

it contains high concentration of 10% mannitol, and phenol red

A

Mannitol salt agar

30
Q

it enhances pigmentation of staphylococcus

A

Loeffler’s serum slant

31
Q

used to eliminate contamination by gram negative organism in heavily contaminated specimens

A

PEA and CNA

Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA)
Columbia colistin nalidixic acid (CNA)

32
Q

produces golden yellow colonies

A

S. aureus

33
Q

produces lemon yellow colonies

A

S. citreus

34
Q

produces porcelain white colonies

A

S. albus

35
Q

it differentiates micrococcus spp. from staphylococcus spp.

A

modified oxidase test/ microdase

36
Q

reagent used in Modified oxidase test

A

tetramethyl paraphenylenediamine dihydrochloride with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

37
Q

Positive result for microdase test

A

Blue color within 2 minutes

(+) micrococcus spp.
(-) staphylococcus spp.

38
Q

two types of coagulase test

A
  1. slide coagulase test
  2. tube coagulase test
39
Q

test to differentiate S. aureus and the other CoNS

A

Coagulase test

Positive: Clot formation within 1-4 hours of incubation

40
Q

it detects bound coagulate or clumping factor

A

Slide coagulase test

41
Q

detects free coagulase; inoculation of tube containing plasma incubated at 35c

A

Tube coagulase test

42
Q

Disk diffusion zone with a clear, sharp zone at the edge of the disk or “cliff”

A

Beta-lactamase positive

43
Q

fuzzy zone or “beach” edge

A

Beta-lactamase negative

44
Q

drug of choice of staphylococcus aureus

A

Methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin

45
Q

also known as Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-resistant to methicillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin

A

MRSA

46
Q

responsible for infectivity to beta-lactam

A

strain that carry mecA gene, which encodes the PBP 2a

47
Q

gold standard for MRSA detection

A

PCR

specimen: nasal swab

48
Q

Coagulase Negative staphylococci (CoNS)

A

S. epidermidis
S. lugdunensis
S. haemolyticus
S. saprophyticus

49
Q

-frequently encountered as contaminants in clinical specimens
-most are primarily associated with health care-associated infections (HAI) / nosocomial infection

A

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS)

50
Q

most encountered among the CoNS
-normal microbiota of skin and mucous membranes

A

S. epidermidis

51
Q

infection resembles S. aureus

A

S. lugdunensis

52
Q

most frequently associated with community acquired urinary tract infections in young, sexually active females

A

S. saprophyticus

53
Q

Differentiates S. saprophyticus and the other CoNS

A

Novobiocin

(R) S. saprophyticus
(S) other CoNS

54
Q

-in grape like CLUSTERS
-NON MOTILE
-NON-SPORE-FORMING

A

Staphylococcus

55
Q

typically appear as gram-positive cocci in TETRADS

A

Micrococcus

BACTERIOLOGY (18 decks)

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