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BACTERIOLOGY > ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (primary pathogen) > Flashcards

ENTEROBACTERIACEAE (primary pathogen) Flashcards

1
Q

A family of organisms that include a lot of genera and spps.
- UBIQUITOUS ( can be found everywhere but COMMONLY present in LARGE INTESTINE
-non-spore forming
-gram negative
-facultative anaerobes
glucose fermenters, oxidase negative
-growth on BPA( blood plate agar); MacConkey to differentiate
-Catalase + , Oxidase - motile EXCEPT for shigella and Klebsiella

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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2
Q

Major Structure of Enterobacteriaceae

A

cell wall
2 layers:
1. inner peptidoglycan
2. outer membrane

NOTE: generally, gram negative organisms has 2 layers

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3
Q

use for the locomotion of the organisms

A

Flagella

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4
Q

compose of cytoplasmic membrane , peptidoglycan layer and the outer membrane

A

Cell envelope

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5
Q

has several proteins like

- LPS (lipoprotein saccharide)

A

Outer membrane

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6
Q
  • a heat stable
  • O polysaccharide
  • Core polysaccharide
  • Lipid A
A

lipoprotein saccharide

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7
Q

One of the most important protein component of your LPS

A

O polysaccharide

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8
Q

What is the most remarkable, clinically significant component of your LPS

A

LIPID A

-responsible for producing fever and shock; inflammatory effect

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9
Q

During serologic identification, what is being detected?

A

O polysaccharide

H protein

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10
Q

use to know the subspecies, and sero- type of the organisms

A

Serologic Identification

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11
Q

A protein that is found in encapsulated organisms

A

K antigen

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12
Q

What is the function of Outer membrane in the cell wall?

A
  • acts a a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substance
  • acts as a sieve, allowing water-soluble molecules to enter through porins
  • provides attachment sites that enhances attachment to the host cells.
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13
Q

Virulence factor

A
  • O antigen, or SOMATIC ANTIGEN, HEAT STABLE
  • H antigen, or FLAGELLAR ANTIGEN, HEAT LABILE
  • K antigen, or CAPSULAR ANTIGEN, HEAT LABILE
  • LIPID A found in LPS
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14
Q

Significance of Virulence factors

A

it enhance the ability to adhere, to colonize, to produce toxins, and invade host tissues.

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15
Q

for MacConkey agar ( lactose fermenters and non-lactose fermenters)

Why does it turned pink for lactose fermenters?

A

because the organism is able to ferment lactose and it decreases pH turning it to acidic pH, and turning it to Pink in color.

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16
Q

What is the main component of MacConkey agar

A

Bile salts and Lactose

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17
Q

Inhibits the growth of the gram positive bacteria

A

Bile salts

Note: Indicator: crystal violet

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18
Q

carbohydrate that causes the differentiation of the organisms

A

Lactose

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19
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

found normally in gastrointestinal tract

and may cause disease

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20
Q

primary pathogens

A

you can see it everywhere in your body and can cause disease

21
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Fecal- oral route

22
Q

Common infection of Enterobacteriaceae

A
  • UTI (urinary track infection)
  • gastroenteritis
  • septicemia

Note: when not prevented may cause lethal results

23
Q
  • Use to classify salmonella spp. base on their O, and H antigen
  • Identifies each serotype as an individual salmonella sp.
A

Kaufmanns-White system

24
Q

the general steps of Kaufmanns- white system

A

if you can grow salmonella spps to your growth medium you will use polyvalent O antisera. a reagent that is a pool of different O antigens , if it is positive, there is agglutination and specific monovalent test should be done.

  • in order for you to know the definite identification of the organism, you need to do serotyping and sero grouping.
  • if consistent negative it is being boiled, because it could be your K antigen that is blocking your O antigen that is causing a false negative result
25
Q

Tribe 1 Escherichia

A

genus - 1. escherichia

  1. Edwardsville
  2. Citrobacter
  3. salmonella
  4. Shigella
26
Q

Tribe II; Klebsiella

A

Genus

  1. Klebsiella
  2. Enterobacter
  3. Hafnia
  4. Serratia
27
Q

Tribe III; Proteeae

A

Genus:

  1. Proteus
  2. Morganella
  3. Providencia
28
Q

Tribe IV; Erwinieae

A

Genus:

1. Erwinia

29
Q

Primary pathogens or True pathogens

A

Shigella spp, salmonella enterica, Yersinia sp.

30
Q

Characteristic:

  • they do not ferment lactose
  • gram negative
  • facultative anaerobic bacilli
  • in MacConkey agar they produce CLEAR or COLORLESS and non-lactose fermenting colonies
  • Indole (-), Voges- Proskauer (-)
A

Salmonella sp.

31
Q

Within the sp. of Salmonella enterica, there are 6 subsp.

A
  1. Enterica (I)
  2. Salamae (II)
  3. arizone (IIIa)
  4. diarizone (IIIb)
  5. houtenae (IV)
  6. indica (VI)
32
Q

Biochemical differentiation of selected numbers of the genus salmonella

Salmonella Choleraesuis
Salmonella Para typhi
Salmonella typhi

A 
Salmonella typhi
-arabinose fermentation(-)
-citrate utilization(-) 
it will not utilize citrate as form of energy source 
-glucose gas production (-)
- H2S test (+)
-glycine

…………

33
Q

What Enterobacteriaceae is highly Pathogenic

A

Salmonella

Shigella

34
Q

T/F Non fermenters produce colorless colonies on MacConkey medium

A

True

35
Q

T/F Lactose fermenter is also called Para colons

A

True

36
Q

T/F. Lactose fermenter organism appear as pink colonies (e.g. E. coli)

A

True

37
Q

T/F. Non-lactose fermenter organisms appear as COLORLESS colonies (e.g. Shigella)

A

True

38
Q

T/F. Detection of E.coli in water indicates pollution and contamination

A

TRUE

39
Q
  • Gram negative, Straight rod
  • Grown in simple medium
  • Produce large grayish, Thick white, moist smooth opaque colonies
  • may contain capsule-
  • on MacConkey medium produce bright pink lactose fermenters
A

Escherichia coli

40
Q

What is the virulence factor of E.coli

A

Surface antigens and Toxins

41
Q

What diseases are caused by E. coli infection?

A

Neonatal Meningitis

Gastroenteritis

42
Q

What are the classification of E. coli

A
  • Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC)
  • Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
  • Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
  • Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)
  • Enteroaggregative (EAEC)
43
Q

What classification of E. coli causes diarrheal disease in children?

A

Enteropathogenic E.coli

Note: brush border of the intestine is lost. poor hygiene predisposes, frequent in summer months

44
Q

What classification of E. coli is common and causes endemics in developing countries in all age groups?

A

Enterotoxigenic E.coli

Note: Causes travelers diarrhea

45
Q

What classification of E. coli produces mild diarrhea to frank dysentery?

A

Enteroinvasive E.coli

Note: resembles shigella in many aspects, and they invade the intestinal epithelium

46
Q

What E. coli classification causes mild diarrhea which can lead to fatal hemorrhagic colitis and uremic syndrome?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

47
Q

What is the E. coli classification? They produce persistent diarrhea.
-appear aggregated in stacked brick formation hep-2 cell

A

Enteroaggresive E. coli

48
Q

what is the leading cause of urinary tract infections which can lead to acute cystitis (bladder infection) and pyelonephritis (kidney infection)

A

E. coli

BACTERIOLOGY (18 decks)

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