W5 - perception and attention

Question 1

where does the visual fields project

Answer 1

to the opposite visual cortex

Question 2

visual cortex is retinotopic

Answer 2

spots in the visual feild that corrosponds to the visual cortex

Question 3

Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

Answer 3

a bundle of nerve cells in the Thalamus

Question 4

where is the primary visual cortex

Answer 4

in the occipital lobe

Question 5

corpus collosium

Answer 5

the connection between the left and right hemisperes

can be surgiaclly cut to help with the migration of sizures between the left and right hemispheres in peolpe with epilepsy

Question 6

effects of cutting of the corpus collosium on left visual field

Answer 6

anything that can only be seen in the left visula feild will not be acknowledge through speech but will be acknowledge through action of the right arm.

This is because the left arm motor function is in the right hemisphere while speech is in the left. a person two himsperes dont talk to eachother due to the cut and therefore act independantly.

Question 7

effects of cutting of the corpus collosium on right visual field

Answer 7

As this info from the right visula feild travals to the left hemisphere the person is able to acknolwedge the presece on the object they see only through speech - completting the task.

Question 8

Binocular Cues

Answer 8

depends on us using both eyes:
- Retinal Disparity
- Vergence

Question 9

Monocular Cues

Answer 9

only needs on eye - 8 different ones

Question 10

Retinal Disparity

Answer 10

uncrossed disparity: object farther than fixation
crosse dsiparity: object closer than fixation

perceived depth increases with increasing disparity

Question 11

vergance

Answer 11

object moving towards the viewer

Question 12

motion parallax

Answer 12

objects father away seem to be moving with us while closer objects seem to move away from us

Question 13

bottom-up process

Answer 13

• data-driven
• using incoming info to drive perception

Question 14

top-down process

Answer 14

• conceptually-driven
• using our knowledge or experience to drive perception

Question 15

examples of top-down process ( uncontrollable)

Answer 15

optical illuions and bistable images

Question 16

bistable images

Answer 16

have more than one perceptual interpretation

Question 17

Simon & Levin (1998) experiment on change blindness

Answer 17

all younge adults noticed with the door
75% of younge adults did not notice a chnage with the builders

Question 18

stroop test reaction time

Answer 18

congruent (same size and shape): quicker
incongruent (different): slower

Question 19

Feature Integration Theory

Answer 19

• searching for one feature can be done automatically. it takes the same amoutn of time, no matter how many items you have to search.
• searching for a combination of features requires controlledd attention. you need to apply attention to each item, one at a time.

Question 20

Characteristics of automatic processes

Answer 20

• fast
• easy
• without intention
• flexible
• uncontrollable

Question 21

Characteristics of controlled attention

Answer 21

• slow
• effortful
• requires intention
• flexibile
• controllable

Question 22

some automatic processes

Answer 22

• texting
• driving
• writing
• walking

Question 23

advanges of automaticity

Answer 23

• long repitive tasks
• less effort
• dual tasking
• survival

Question 24

disadvantages of automaticity

Answer 24

• bad habits
• lack of control
• error prone
• outside the awareness
• dangerous when not appropriate

Question 25

selective attention

Answer 25

the ability to prioritise some info while ignoring other info

Question 26

Dichotic Listening

Answer 26

cherry (1953)
A task in which different audio streams are presented to each ear. Typically, people are asked to monitor one stream while ignoring the other.

Question 27

what do peolpe notice: dichotic listening

Answer 27

• gender
• foward vs backward

Question 28

what dont peolpe notice: dichotic listening

Answer 28

change in language or content

Question 29

Broadbent’s Filter Theory:

Answer 29

Attention narrows the flow of information into awateness based on physical characteristics.

Question 30

Treisman’s Attenuation Model:

Answer 30

Attended messages pass through clearly. Unattended message are weakened. Somtimes they break through. - significant things to us or that make the most sense

Question 31

Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Model

Answer 31

We process everything for meaning, but only selected info makes it inot our awareness

Question 32

Load Theory - Levie

Answer 32

• when a task is improtanent/demading: no distraction and early selction
• when a task is easy: distarction and late selection

most correct theory

Question 33

What is Divided attention?

Answer 33

The ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two or more concurrent tasks.

Question 34

Inattentional blindness

Answer 34

The failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected, object or event when attention is devoted to something else.

Question 35

Limited capacity

Answer 35

The notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time.

Question 36

Selective attention

Answer 36

The ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting information.

Question 37

Shadowing

Answer 37

A task in which the individual is asked to repeat an auditory message as it is presented.

Question 38

Subliminal perception

Answer 38

The ability to process information for meaning when the individual is not consciously aware of that information.

Question 39

Inattentional deafness

Answer 39

The auditory analog of inattentional blindness. People fail to notice an unexpected sound or voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene.

Question 40

Selective listening

Answer 40

A method for studying selective attention in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of information while deliberately ignoring other auditory information.