W5 - perception and attention Flashcards
where does the visual fields project
to the opposite visual cortex
visual cortex is retinotopic
spots in the visual feild that corrosponds to the visual cortex
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
a bundle of nerve cells in the Thalamus
where is the primary visual cortex
in the occipital lobe
corpus collosium
the connection between the left and right hemisperes
can be surgiaclly cut to help with the migration of sizures between the left and right hemispheres in peolpe with epilepsy
effects of cutting of the corpus collosium on left visual field
anything that can only be seen in the left visula feild will not be acknowledge through speech but will be acknowledge through action of the right arm.
This is because the left arm motor function is in the right hemisphere while speech is in the left. a person two himsperes dont talk to eachother due to the cut and therefore act independantly.
effects of cutting of the corpus collosium on right visual field
As this info from the right visula feild travals to the left hemisphere the person is able to acknolwedge the presece on the object they see only through speech - completting the task.
Binocular Cues
depends on us using both eyes:
- Retinal Disparity
- Vergence
Monocular Cues
only needs on eye - 8 different ones
Retinal Disparity
uncrossed disparity: object farther than fixation
crosse dsiparity: object closer than fixation
perceived depth increases with increasing disparity
vergance
object moving towards the viewer
motion parallax
objects father away seem to be moving with us while closer objects seem to move away from us
bottom-up process
- data-driven
- using incoming info to drive perception
top-down process
- conceptually-driven
- using our knowledge or experience to drive perception
examples of top-down process ( uncontrollable)
optical illuions and bistable images
bistable images
have more than one perceptual interpretation
Simon & Levin (1998) experiment on change blindness
all younge adults noticed with the door
75% of younge adults did not notice a chnage with the builders
stroop test reaction time
congruent (same size and shape): quicker
incongruent (different): slower
Feature Integration Theory
- searching for one feature can be done automatically. it takes the same amoutn of time, no matter how many items you have to search.
- searching for a combination of features requires controlledd attention. you need to apply attention to each item, one at a time.
Characteristics of automatic processes
- fast
- easy
- without intention
- flexible
- uncontrollable
Characteristics of controlled attention
- slow
- effortful
- requires intention
- flexibile
- controllable
some automatic processes
- texting
- driving
- writing
- walking
advanges of automaticity
- long repitive tasks
- less effort
- dual tasking
- survival
disadvantages of automaticity
- bad habits
- lack of control
- error prone
- outside the awareness
- dangerous when not appropriate
selective attention
the ability to prioritise some info while ignoring other info
Dichotic Listening
cherry (1953)
A task in which different audio streams are presented to each ear. Typically, people are asked to monitor one stream while ignoring the other.
what do peolpe notice: dichotic listening
- gender
- foward vs backward
what dont peolpe notice: dichotic listening
change in language or content
Broadbent’s Filter Theory:
Attention narrows the flow of information into awateness based on physical characteristics.
Treisman’s Attenuation Model:
Attended messages pass through clearly. Unattended message are weakened. Somtimes they break through. - significant things to us or that make the most sense
Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Model
We process everything for meaning, but only selected info makes it inot our awareness
Load Theory - Levie
- when a task is improtanent/demading: no distraction and early selction
- when a task is easy: distarction and late selection
most correct theory
What is Divided attention?
The ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two or more concurrent tasks.
Inattentional blindness
The failure to notice a fully visible, but unexpected, object or event when attention is devoted to something else.
Limited capacity
The notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time.
Selective attention
The ability to select certain stimuli in the environment to process, while ignoring distracting information.
Shadowing
A task in which the individual is asked to repeat an auditory message as it is presented.
Subliminal perception
The ability to process information for meaning when the individual is not consciously aware of that information.
Inattentional deafness
The auditory analog of inattentional blindness. People fail to notice an unexpected sound or voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene.
Selective listening
A method for studying selective attention in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of information while deliberately ignoring other auditory information.
