W12 - Cognitive develpment Flashcards

1
Q

why are children little scientists according to Piaget

A

they:
- construct schemes (organised was of knowing and theorising about the world)
- adapt to environment through assimilation and accommodation

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

process by which new experinces are labelled/recognisd/understood by applying an existing scheme.

e.g. bird flys so a plane is a bird

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3
Q

Accommodation

A

process by which an existing scheme is modified because a new experience does not fit into the current scheme

e.g. a plane my fly but is is not an animal so it is its own new thing

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4
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 yaers: infants awareness only expressed through their sensory and motor skills

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5
Q

preoperational stage

A

2-6 yaers: use symbols to represent ogjects but do not yet reason logically

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6
Q

concrete operational stage

A

7-12 years: can think logically about real objects and situations

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7
Q

formal operational stage

A

12+ years: can think and reason abstractly in hypothetical terms

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8
Q

what does piagetian theory emphasise

A

that development is discontinusous and involves qualitative changes

the steps

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9
Q

an alternative view to piaget’s

A

the continuous developemnt involving quantitive changes

the cerve

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10
Q

Experiments on the sensorimotor stage - Piaget

A

no object permanece and AB error
piaget - have not developed pretend play yet and belive that if they cant see it the thing does not exist.

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11
Q

Experiments on the preoperational stage

A

Fail conservation task
kids appearance is altered so it has changed e.g bigger

Fall Class-Inclusion
cats are the bigger group

Fail Piaget’s Three Mountains Task
due to egosentric thinking they can percive things from others perspectives

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12
Q

Experiments in the concrete operational stage

A

kids can now pass all previous tasks but are restricted to logical thinking and cant think abstractly

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13
Q

Experiments in the formal operational stage

A

can engage in hypothetocal deductive reasoning
can deal with propositional ideas (either, or, and)

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14
Q

case against piaget’s theories on the sensorimotor stage

A

Intermodal understanding:
- they can trasnform visual cues into motor actions = mimic adults expressions
- link motor sensations in to visual cues = look at dummy they sucked for longer
- can understand their actions lead to a consistant result
- and learn over time to perform actions to get results

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15
Q

case against piaget: do babies understand object perminance?

A
  • they may already be learning the laws of nature before 2 as shown by dissapearing dolls
    however until after the age of 2 they cannot bring togther abstarct thinking and intergate their thoughts.
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16
Q

Emergance: Piaget

A

Knowledge that ahs developed but not yet expressed

17
Q

Expression: Baillargeon

A

The ability to communicated aquired knowledge

18
Q

pragmatics

A

Contextual factors influencing language understanding.

19
Q

class inclusion Findings against piaget

A

children are able to complete the task only if their is reduced emphasis on comparing sub-classes

20
Q

Transitional Knowledge

A

Knowledge that is developing but not fully formed.

21
Q

speech-gesture mismatch

A

children showing with mismacth are more receptive to new info and therefore improve on tasks

22
Q

Policeman task vs mountains task

A

90% of 3-5 year old kids passed the police task disproving the mountains task

23
Q

Theory of Mind: Sally-Anne task

A

3 year olds faild
4 year olds passed

24
Q

Theory of Mind a pre-operational milestone or seen in sensorimotor stage?

A

not a mile stone as babies looked longer at an adult that looked in the place the object was when they sgould know its location, violating the laws of nature.

25
what do Piaget's theories fail to distinguish between?
emergence and expression
26
Habituates
stops responding or loses interest
27
intermodal processing
the ability to associate sensations of an object from different senses or to match their own actions to behaviours they have observed visually
28
Representational flexibility: Memory
is the ability to retrieve memories despite changes in the cues that were present at encoding
29
equilibration
balancing assimilation and accommodation to adapt to the world.
30
conservation
that basic properties of an object or situation remain stable (are conserved) even though superficial properties may be changed.