Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc122 Test Material > W4 - sensation and perception > Flashcards

W4 - sensation and perception Flashcards

1
Q

connection between:
Neural World and Physical World

A

Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

connection between:
Physical World and Psychological World

A

Action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connection between:
Psychological World and Neural World

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychophysics

A

The realtionship beween physical and psychological worlds via the nueral world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

wave lengths of light are phyically classed as?

A

electromagnetic Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the range of human vs dog hairing

A

Human: 64Hz - 23,000Hz
Dog: 67Hz - 45,000Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phyiscal form of colour

A

wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

phyiscal form of temperature

A

kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

phyiscal form of aroma

A

chemical shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

phyiscal form of texture

A

vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phyiscal form of pitch

A

frequancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phyiscal form of loudness

A

amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phyiscal form of pain

A

tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

The smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Discrimination Threshold

A

whether you can tell the diffrenace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sesitivity

A

How well can you distinguish between when th stimulus is present or adsent.

Sensitivity means you have a high hit rate and a low false alarm rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Response bias

A

presented with the sam stimulus intesity, different participants migt respond differently not because they have different perceptual sensistivities, but because they are more/less biased in respoinding to the task.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

allows us to seperate sensitivity from response bias and distuish between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the Discrimination Threshold depend on

A

how big/strong/bright/loud the origial stimulus is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Just noticeable difference (JND)

A

discrimination threshold:
smallest perceivable difference

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli. (see Differential Threshold)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Weber’s Law

A

States that just noticeable difference is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Weber Fraction

A

K = JND/baseline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

My grandmother has a very hard time hearing my older brother when he talks, but she hears me just fine. We think we speak at the same volume. What might you conclude about grandmother’s hearing?

A

her absolute threshold for high frequencies has increased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Have you ever had a false sensation that your phone has vibrated to indicate you have a message, but when you check, there’s nothing there. In signal detection terms, this is an example of

A

a false alarm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The Weber fraction for telling that two sounds have a different amplitude is .04 (or 4%). If I present a first tone that is 20 decibels, how many decibels will a louder tone need to be for me to tell they are different?

A

28dB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rods

A

Photoreceptors of the retina sensitive to low levels of light. Located around the fovea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cones

A

Photoreceptors of the retina sensitive to color. Located primarily in the fovea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

Colour perception is mediated by cones.
There are three cone types: S-cones are most sensitive at short wavelengths (blue), M-cones at medium wavelengths (green), and L-cones at long wavelengths (red).
Your brain perceives colour based on the combination of photoreceptors that are activated in a specific location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ishihara plate

A

a way of determining colour blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Colour vision deficits (colour blindness)

A

here are two basic forms. Either the person has only one type of cone
(monochromat – very rare) or two types (dichromat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Callitrichids

A

Marmosets, tamarins, capuchins - gendered colour defficencey
Males – dichromats
Females – dichromats and trichromats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Colour opponency

A

Colour opponency explains how we perceive color through opposing pairs:
red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.

Activation of one color inhibits its opposite, helping explain why we can’t see certain combinations, like reddish-green, and phenomena like color afterimages.

33
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

objects maintain their properties even when the context chnages thir physical characteristics.

34
Q

the dress

A

Overall, 57% of subjects described the dress as blue/black; 30% as white/gold, 11% as blue/brown, and 2% as something else

35
Q

lightness constancy

A

our brains take the shadows into account when creating the perception of light and dark.

36
Q

Agnosia

A

Loss of the ability to perceive stimuli.

37
Q

anosmia

A

Loss of the ability to smell.

38
Q

Audition

A

Ability to process auditory stimuli. Also called hearing.

39
Q

Auditory canal

A

Tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

40
Q

Auditory hair cells

A

Receptors in the cochlea that transduce sound into electrical potentials.

41
Q

Binocular disparity

A

Difference is images processed by the left and right eyes.

42
Q

Binocular vision

A

Our ability to perceive 3D and depth because of the difference between the images on each of our retinas.

43
Q

Bottom-up processing - perception

A

Building up to perceptual experience from individual pieces.

44
Q

Chemical senses

A

Our ability to process the environmental stimuli of smell and taste.

45
Q

Cochlea

A

Spiral bone structure in the inner ear containing auditory hair cells.

46
Q

Dark Adaption

A

Adjustment of the eye to low levels of light

47
Q

Differential threshold (or difference threshold)

A

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli. (See Just Noticeable Difference (JND))

48
Q

Dorsal Pathway

A

Pathway of visual processing. The “where” pathway.

49
Q

Gustation

A

ability to process gustatory stimuli. Also called taste.

50
Q

Light adaptation

A

adjustment of the eye to high levels of light

51
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanical sensory receptors in the skin that respond to tactile stimulation.

52
Q

Multimodal perception

A

The effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world.

53
Q

Nociception

A

our ability to sense pain

54
Q

odorants

A

chemicals transduced by olfactory receptors

55
Q

Olfaction

A

ability to process olfactory stimuli. also called smell

56
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

organ containing olfactory receptors

57
Q

Opponent-process theory

A

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by cells responsive to pairs of colors.

58
Q

Ossicles

A

A collection of three small bones in the middle ear that vibrate against the tympanic membrane.

59
Q

pinna

A

the outermost portion of the ear

60
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing auditory stimuli.

61
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing somatosensory stimuli.

62
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing visual stimuli.

63
Q

Principle of inverse effectiveness

A

The finding that, in general, for a multimodal stimulus, if the response to each unimodal component (on its own) is weak, then the opportunity for multisensory enhancement is very large. However, if one component—by itself—is sufficient to evoke a strong response, then the effect on the response gained by simultaneously processing the other components of the stimulus will be relatively small.

64
Q

retina

A

cell layer in the back of the eye containing photoreceptors

65
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant stimulation.

66
Q

Shape theory of olfaction

A

Theory proposing that odorants of different size and shape correspond to different smells.

67
Q

Signal detection

A

Method for studying the ability to correctly identify sensory stimuli.

68
Q

Somatosensation

A

Ability to sense touch, pain and temperature.

69
Q

Somatotopic map

A

Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex maintaining a representation of the arrangement of the body.

70
Q

sound waves

A

changes in air pressure. the physical stimulus for audition.

71
Q

Superadditive effect of multisensory integration

A

The finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component if it were presented on its own.

72
Q

Tastants

A

Chemicals transduced by taste receptor cells.

73
Q

Taste receptor cells

A

Receptors that transduce gustatory information.

74
Q

Top-down processing

A

Experience influencing the perception of stimuli.

75
Q

Transduction

A

The conversion of one form of energy into another.

76
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by three different cones responding preferentially to red, green and blue.

77
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Thin, stretched membrane in the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound. Also called the eardrum.

78
Q

Ventral pathway

A

Pathway of visual processing. The “what” pathway.

79
Q

Vestibular system

A

Parts of the inner ear involved in balance.

Psyc122 Test Material (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions