W10 - Learning and Behaviour Flashcards
Cognition, Conditioning - operant and classical
learning is the result of what?
experince
classical conditioning (Pavlovian Conditioning)
when an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus to illicit a conditioned response.
the neutral stimulus on its own becomes an conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Fear
Little Albert:
rat: Nuetral —- conditioned stimulus
Bang: unconditioned stimulus
cryinging: unonditioned response — conditioned repsonse with the rat
Generalisation
allows learning to carry over to new situations/ stimulus without requring further learning.
Discrimination
restricts new learning from being inappropriately applied to ALL situations.
Extinction
if the conditoned stimulus continues to be presentd without the UCS occuring then the conditioned responce is eventually eliminated.
variables that increase the degree of classical conditioning
UCS is more intense
shortened delay between UCS & CS
UCS reliably follows CS
variables that decrease the degree of classical conditioning
UCS is less intense
long delay between UCS & CS or UCS occurs before CS
UCS only sometimes follows CS
Operant Conditioning
learning about the relations between environmental stimuli and our own behaviour
the basic idea of operant conditioning
we tend to repeat behvaiours that lead to desirable outcomes and we tend to stop performing behvaiours that lead to undesirable outcomes
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
that if a responce in the presence of a stimulus leads to reinforcement the association between that stimulus and response is strengthend
what was skinner interested in studying
how changing enviro events resulted in chnages in behaviour
- he used an operant chamber in order to rule out confounding influences
Reinforcemnt
when you continue to perform a behaviour because you gaind a desirabe consequence in the past.
Punishment/Punishers
causes the reduction in a bevaiour because of a undesired consequence (punichers).
positive reinforcement
a good stimulus is added causing an incraese in the rate of the bevhavioural response.
negative reinforcement
a bad stimulus is removed to maintain or incraese the behvaioural responce.
Positive punishment
the behaviour decreases because a bad stimulus is added
this punishment has probelms that can lead to undesireble behavioural changes