W19-L12: Introduction to cognition and emotion

Question 1

Why Study cognition?

Answer 1

Inform diagnoses and to work out how to best work with the patient

Question 2

Localisation of Function

Answer 2

function relationship is one to one

Question 3

example of Lateralisation of function

Answer 3

Left hemisphere for language, right hemisphere for visuospatial

Question 4

Shortcomings of Lateralisation of function

Answer 4

Oversimplification of complex phenomenon as its rare for ‘absolute’ specialisation and there are Individual differences

Question 5

Luria’s brain-behaviour theory

Answer 5

Three basic units of the CNS :

1. Regulation of arousal & muscle tone - brainstem and associated areas
2. Reception, integration, and analysis of sensory information
   - posterior cortical regions
3. Planning, executing, and verifying behaviour
   - frontal and prefrontal lobes

Question 6

Luria’s cortical zones

Answer 6

Primary zone for basic information, secondary zone is perception, tertiary zone is integration (only evident in humans)

Question 7

Pluripotentiality

Answer 7

1. Each area of the brain operates in conjunction with other areas
2. No area is singly responsible for voluntary human behaviour
3. Each area may play a specific role in many
   behaviours

Question 8

Emotion

Answer 8

an inferred behavioural state

Question 9

core emotions

Answer 9

Innate, anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, (surprise)

Question 10

Complex emotions

Answer 10

involve different combinations of core emotions

Question 11

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 11

Behavioural syndrome from bilateral anterior temporal lobectomy. Includes tameness or loss of fear

Question 12

Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 12

Identification and expression of emotion

Question 13

James Lange Theory

Answer 13

We experience emotion in response to physiological changes

Question 14

Cannon Bard Theory

Answer 14

Can experience emotion without expressing it physically eg. in case of spinal cord lesions