Volcanology Part 2 (Volcanic Products, Volcanic Hazards, Volcanology of the PH)

Question 1

Volcanic Products

Answer 1

Lava Flow
Pyroclastic materials
Glass
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)

Question 2

Streams of lava pouring from a fissure or a vent during an eruption which have different forms due to the different composition and environment of deposition.

Answer 2

Lava Flow

Question 3

is a type of lava flow characterized by its rough, jagged surface that have spiky and sharp edges, and are often associated with fluid basaltic flows.

Answer 3

‘A’a flow

Question 4

is a type of lava flow that form relatively smooth surfaces that often resembles twisted ropes and are often products of basaltic flows.

Answer 4

Pahoehoe flow

Question 5

Short, detached, vesicle-free, proximal lava that are often produced by viscous lava, such as andesitic and rhyolitic lava.

Answer 5

Block lava

Question 6

Lava flows that formed as structures composed of numerous smooth, tube-like protuberances, which are good indicators for the surrounding environment as they form underwater.

Answer 6

Pillow lava

Question 7

Volcanic material of varying sizes produced from volcanic eruptions

Answer 7

Pyroclastic Materials

Question 8

Pyroclastic material ejected into the atmosphere

Answer 8

Tephra

Question 9

Solid ejecta with sizes greater than 64 mm.

Answer 9

Block

Question 10

Pyroclastic material ejected into the atmosphere

Answer 10

Bomb

Question 11

A fractured surface texture formed when bombs cool.

Answer 11

Breadcrust texture

Question 12

Rock fragments with grain sizes ranging from 2-64 mm formed from droplets of lava.

Answer 12

Lapilli

Question 13

Tephra that is usually glass, having grain sizes lesser than 2 mm.

Answer 13

Ash

Question 14

Lapilli-sized pyroclastic deposits that are good indicators for environment during deposition as they formed due to saturation from water.

Answer 14

Accretionary Lapilli

Question 15

Naturally occurring solids that lacks an orderly crystalline structure, which formed due to quenching or rapid cooling of lava.

Answer 15

Glass

Question 16

Black, glassy, streamlined particles that formed as lava droplets that quenched in flight.

Answer 16

Pele’s tears

Question 17

Golden, acicular, glassy strands that formed as lava droplets were propelled through the air, being partially stretched into shape.

Answer 17

Pele’s hair

Question 18

Generally hot flows made up of a mixture of pyroclastic materials and hot gases that can travel at rapid speeds.

Answer 18

Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs)

Question 19

A blanket of pyroclastic material and tephra that fall to the ground due to gravity, which is identified to have a good sorting of angular juvenile clasts.

Answer 19

Pyroclastic Fall

Question 20

A dense, “ground- hugging” flow of pyroclastic materials that moves at speeds up to 150 km/h that can reach over to a 1000 °C and develop poorly sorted beds with rounded clasts that can produce block-and-ash flows.

Answer 20

Pyroclastic Flow

Question 21

A more dilute and mobile current which have low concentrations of particles mixed with gases that can travel up hills and valleys at high velocity and horizontally from the eruption site.

Answer 21

Pyroclastic Surge

Question 22

Siliceous, low to moderate density, hot vesiculated flows.

Answer 22

Pumice flows

Question 23

Andesitic to basaltic, hot vesiculated flows

Answer 23

Scoria flows

Question 24

Compacted or “welded” pumice and tuff.

Answer 24

Ignimbrite

Question 25

Flattened or compacted pumice in ignimbrites.

Answer 25

Fiamme

Question 26

French for "fiery clouds," are fluidized mixtures of hot, incandescent rock fragments and gases that flow along the surface as a "glowing avalanche" of pyroclastic debris.

Answer 26

Nuées ardentes

Question 27

Thick mudflows, composed of volcanic materials, that can be up to tens of meters thick with the consistency of wet cement.

Answer 27

Lahar

Question 28

Lahar directly associated with active volcanic activity.

Answer 28

Syn-eruption Lahar

Question 29

Lahar indirectly associated with active volcanic activity and occurs as remobilization of volcanic deposits.

Answer 29

Post-eruption Lahar

Question 30

What eruption on June 15, 1991, coincided with Typhoon Yunya which caused voluminous lahar to cover most parts of Zambales.

Answer 30

1991 Pinatubo Eruption

Question 31

Mass wasting of large volumes of volcanic materials along volcanic flanks.

Answer 31

Debris avalanche

Question 32

Debris avalanche associated with movement of magma beneath volcanic edifice.

Answer 32

Bezymianny-type Avalanche

Question 33

Debris avalanche associated with seismicity.

Answer 33

Bandai-type Avalanche

Question 34

The famous eruption due to the lateral blast it produced that caused its northern flank to collapse into a debris avalanche and subsequently caused a voluminous lahar.

Answer 34

1980 Mt. Saint Helens Eruption

Question 35

Or cognate clasts, are derived directly from magma involved in the volcanic activity

Answer 35

Juvenile Clasts

Question 36

Rock inclusions from the vent walls or brought from the surface by lava or pyroclastic walls.

Answer 36

Accidental clasts

Question 37

Fragmentation through explosive ejection and aerial dispersal of pyroclasts of rock and magma from a volcanic vent.

Answer 37

Pyroclastic process

Question 38

Fragmentation as a result of breaking up the cooler and rigid exterior of the lava as it continuously moves that autoclasts.

Answer 38

Autoclastic process

Question 39

Fragmentation brought by the weathering and disintegration of volcanic rocks.

Answer 39

Epiclastic process

Question 40

A group of clasts with interstitial fluid that interact and move together.

Answer 40

Mass flow transport

Question 41

Clasts within the mass flow behaving independently in moving interstitial fluids.

Answer 41

Traction transport

Question 42

Fully suspended clasts in interstitial fluid.

Answer 42

Suspension transport

Question 43

Hazards associated with volcanoes and its materials, whether or not the associated volcano is currently erupting.

Answer 43

Volcanic Hazards

Question 44

Hazards directly associated with an on-going eruption.

Answer 44

Direct Hazard

Question 45

Hazards indirectly associated with an eruption.

Answer 45

Indirect Hazard

Question 46

Rivers of lava extruded from the volcano.

Answer 46

Lava Flow

Question 47

Pyroclastic materials ejected into the atmosphere that fall due to gravity.

Answer 47

Tephra fall

Question 48

A blast directed horizontally which comes from the slopes of the volcano.

Answer 48

Lateral Blast

Question 49

Expelled during eruptive phases at huge amounts, high temperatures and extreme speed which can be toxic to life.

Answer 49

Volcanic gases

Question 50

A hot mixture of volcanic debris and tephra that is saturated with water that occurs directly related to an ongoing eruption.

Answer 50

Syn-eruption lahar

Question 51

Hot flows of a mixture of pyroclastic materials and hot gases. These include Pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic surges, and base surges.

Answer 51

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)

Question 52

A cold mixture of volcanic debris and tephra that is saturated with water that occurs when old volcanic materials are remobilized.

Answer 52

Post-eruption lahar

Question 53

Massive debris avalanches due to blasts from the eruption.

Answer 53

Landslides

Question 54

Tsunamis caused by submarine eruptions or massive landslides that mobilize large amounts of water, causing large waves.

Answer 54

Volcanic Tsunami

Question 55

Oscillating movement of water within an enclosed or limited body of water.

Answer 55

Seiche

Question 56

Fractures and fissures caused by bulges from the ground due to rising magma.

Answer 56

Ground deformation

Question 57

Remobilized pre-existing pyroclastic materials.

Answer 57

Secondar PDCs

Question 58

Heat and tremors from volcanic eruptions and their materials can cause man- made structures and materials to collapse and cause a cascade of events which can lead to explosions and fire.

Answer 58

Secondary explosions and fire

Question 59

Precursors or signs of an impending Volcanic Eruption

Answer 59

Increase of volcanic quakes Increase in heat Rising volume outputs of volcanic gases Ground deformation Localized mass wasting process Development of new or reactivation of old thermal sites

Question 60

The original agency for volcano monitoring in the Philippines, established in June 20, 1952 through the RA 766, before being later renamed to Philippine Institute of Volcanology (PHIVOLC) in March 17, 1982 through EO 784, after which was reestablished as the current PHIVOLCS when the seismology monitoring was transferred to the institute from PAGASA.

Answer 60

Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL)

Question 61

What volcano eruption was the reason COMVOL being made?

Answer 61

Mt. Hibok-Hibok

Question 62

The official Philippine agency established on September 17, 1984 that is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other related geotectonic phenomena.

Answer 62

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Question 63

Name all the Active Volcanoes in the Philippines

Answer 63

Iraya Smith Babuyan Claro Didicas Camiguin de Babuyanes Cagua Pinatubo Taal Banahaw Isarog Iriga Mayon Bulusan Biliran Kanlaon Cabalian Hibok-Hibok Musuan Ragang Makaturing Leonard Kniaseff Matutum Parker Bud Dajo

Question 64

tapos n

Answer 64

#papasa