Sedimentary Rocks (Part 2 - Textures and Maturity)

Question 1

Parameters for Textures

Answer 1

Grain Size
Grain Shape
Grain Orientation
Porosity
Permeability

Question 2

A classification scheme that describes sediments’ particle sizes in epiclastic rocks. It also classifies particles sizes based on a logarithmic phi scale using the diameter (d).

Answer 2

Grain Size
expressed as: 𝛷 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔2d

Question 3

The component of detrital sedimentary rocks that have particles sizes from sand to gravel.

Answer 3

Clasts

Question 4

also called as Coarse Fraction

Answer 4

Clasts

Question 5

Mud sized particles component of detrital sedimentary rocks.

Answer 5

Matrix

Question 6

Also called Fine Fraction

Answer 6

Matrix

Question 7

A measure of particle population in an attempt to represent the typical particle size in the population.

Answer 7

Central measure

Question 8

A bar graph that shows the weight percentage vs. phi values of clasts.

Answer 8

Histogram

Question 9

A line graph that shows the weight percentage vs. phi
values of clasts.

Answer 9

Frequency curve

Question 10

A line graph that shows the cumulative weight percent of all size coarser than, including the phi size fraction under consideration, are plotted against phi size classes.

Answer 10

Cumulative curve

Question 11

The most abundant particle size.

Answer 11

Mode

Question 12

The average size of the particles

Answer 12

Mean

Question 13

The average diameter of the particles

Answer 13

Graphic geometric mean (GM)

Question 14

A method of passing soil and sediment samples through a series of stacked mesh to determine the distribution of grain sizes.

Answer 14

Sieving

Question 15

Determines or gives information regarding the nature or maturity of a grain.

Answer 15

Grain Shape

Question 16

2 Factors that affect shape

Answer 16

Lithology
Hardness

Question 17

Spheroid particles that have similar dimensions in all directions.

Answer 17

Equant

Question 18

Rod-shaped particles that have an elongate cylindrical that have on axis much longer than the other two.

Answer 18

Prolate

Question 19

Disk-shaped particles that have a flattened cylindrical or disk-like shape where two axes are shorter than the other.

Answer 19

Oblate

Question 20

Particles that have a flattened shape where the three axes have three different lengths.

Answer 20

Bladed

Question 21

The distribution of grain sizes present within a sedimentary rock.

Answer 21

Sorting

Question 22

A quick method of determining the phi size value for any percentile

Answer 22

Sorting coefficient

Question 23

A more complicated measure of sorting that involves finding values that are one standard deviation and two standard deviations above and below the mean.

Answer 23

Inclusive graphic standard deviation

Question 24

The volume of void space in a sedimentary rock.

Answer 24

Porosity

Question 25

The arrangement of grains in a rock.

Answer 25

Packing density

Question 26

The degree of how much fluids can pass through the materials.

Answer 26

Permeability

Question 27

The extent of how much sedimentary rock has undergone change starting from its parent material(s).

Answer 27

Maturity

Question 28

2 Ways to measure maturity

Answer 28

Textural and Compositional

Question 29

The degree of maturity that can indicate a sedimentary rock’s transportation history.

Answer 29

Textural Maturity

Question 30

The degree of maturity that measures the amount of components present.

Answer 30

Compositional Maturity

Question 31

Toblerone Sandstone Classification (for Detrital Seds)

Answer 31

Pettijohn Sandstone Classification (memorize boss)
pic: https://imgur.com/a/FS4ucTg