Sedimentary Rocks (Part 2 - Textures and Maturity) Flashcards

1
Q

Parameters for Textures

A

Grain Size
Grain Shape
Grain Orientation
Porosity
Permeability

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2
Q

A classification scheme that describes sediments’ particle sizes in epiclastic rocks. It also classifies particles sizes based on a logarithmic phi scale using the diameter (d).

A

Grain Size
expressed as: 𝛷 = βˆ’π‘™π‘œπ‘”2d

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3
Q

The component of detrital sedimentary rocks that have particles sizes from sand to gravel.

A

Clasts

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4
Q

also called as Coarse Fraction

A

Clasts

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5
Q

Mud sized particles component of detrital sedimentary rocks.

A

Matrix

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6
Q

Also called Fine Fraction

A

Matrix

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7
Q

A measure of particle population in an attempt to represent the typical particle size in the population.

A

Central measure

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8
Q

A bar graph that shows the weight percentage vs. phi values of clasts.

A

Histogram

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9
Q

A line graph that shows the weight percentage vs. phi
values of clasts.

A

Frequency curve

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10
Q

A line graph that shows the cumulative weight percent of all size coarser than, including the phi size fraction under consideration, are plotted against phi size classes.

A

Cumulative curve

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11
Q

The most abundant particle size.

A

Mode

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12
Q

The average size of the particles

A

Mean

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13
Q

The average diameter of the particles

A

Graphic geometric mean (GM)

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14
Q

A method of passing soil and sediment samples through a series of stacked mesh to determine the distribution of grain sizes.

A

Sieving

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15
Q

Determines or gives information regarding the nature or maturity of a grain.

A

Grain Shape

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16
Q

2 Factors that affect shape

A

Lithology
Hardness

17
Q

Spheroid particles that have similar dimensions in all directions.

18
Q

Rod-shaped particles that have an elongate cylindrical that have on axis much longer than the other two.

19
Q

Disk-shaped particles that have a flattened cylindrical or disk-like shape where two axes are shorter than the other.

20
Q

Particles that have a flattened shape where the three axes have three different lengths.

21
Q

The distribution of grain sizes present within a sedimentary rock.

22
Q

A quick method of determining the phi size value for any percentile

A

Sorting coefficient

23
Q

A more complicated measure of sorting that involves finding values that are one standard deviation and two standard deviations above and below the mean.

A

Inclusive graphic standard deviation

24
Q

The volume of void space in a sedimentary rock.

25
The arrangement of grains in a rock.
Packing density
26
The degree of how much fluids can pass through the materials.
Permeability
27
The extent of how much sedimentary rock has undergone change starting from its parent material(s).
Maturity
28
2 Ways to measure maturity
Textural and Compositional
29
The degree of maturity that can indicate a sedimentary rock's transportation history.
Textural Maturity
30
The degree of maturity that measures the amount of components present.
Compositional Maturity
31
Toblerone Sandstone Classification (for Detrital Seds)
Pettijohn Sandstone Classification (memorize boss) pic: https://imgur.com/a/FS4ucTg