Sedimentary Rocks (Part 3 - Detrital Sedimentary) Flashcards
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
Gravel, Sand and Mud
Grabau name’s of Gravel, Sand and Mud
Gravel - Rudite
Sand - Arenite
Mud - Lutite
Sedimentary rocks made up of gravel-sized sediments.
Gravelstones
Gravelstones that are made up of rounded sediments.
Conglomerate
Gravel stones that are made up of angular sediments.
Breccia (also called Rudites)
Gravelstones with an interior source, eroding from the same source and lithifying in place, making the clasts and matrices’ compositions uniform.
Intraformational
Gravelstones with composition derived outside of depositional basin, with the clasts and matrices’ composition different from each other.
Extraformational
Clast - supported conglomerates
Orthoconglomerate
Matrix - supported conglomerates
Paraconglomerate
Describes gravelstones with more than 90 % of the framework clasts consisting of a single or few resistant rocks and/or minerals.
Oligomict
Describes gravelstones with clasts of different compositions that are prone to weathering and erosion.
Petromict
Describes gravelstones with clasts composed of a single
composition.
Monomictic
Describes gravelstones with clasts composed ofabout 2-4 different types ofparent rocks.
Diamictic
Describes gravelstones with clasts with numerous amounts of types of composition.
Polymictic
A type of gravelstone composed of lithified colluvium deposited from mass wasting.
Diamictite
Sedimentary rocks made up of sand-sized sediments.
Sandstones (also called Arenites)
A classification of sandstones that classifies sandstones based on the proportions of quartz (Q), feldspars (F), and lithic fragments (L).
Folk’s scheme (toblerone)
Sandstones with significant amount of feldspars.
Arkose
Sandstones with significant amount of mud matrix.
Wacke
An older, general term for matrix-rich sandstone.
Graywacke
Learn sandstones’ provenances
(wag na)
https://imgur.com/a/XeXXTgy
Sediments are derived from volcanic-magmatic arcs formed over subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries.
Magmatic Arc Source
3 Subdivisions of Recycled orogen source
(SCF)
Subduction complexes - uplifted recycled accretionary
Collision orogens - uplifted during continental collision
Foreland uplifts - exposed in orogenic belts
3 Subdivisions of Continental block source
(CTU)
Craton interior - pre-existing, mature
Transitional cratons - exposed as source rock types
Uplifted basement - exposed in an area of high relief; resulting from uplift
Sedimentary rocks made up of mud-sized sediments.
Mudrock
Mudrock that are made up of silt-sized sediments.
Siltstone
Mudrocks that are made up of clay-sized sediments.
Claystone (also called Lutites)
A type of mudrock that shows distinct layering.
Shale
Banding observed among mudrocks where they tend to break.
Fissility
Smectite-rich claystones that formed from the alteration of volcanic ash deposits from explosive eruptions.
Bentonite
Used for construction purposes; building material, pinanggawa raw ng intra
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