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Petrology > Volcanology Part 1 (Anatomy, Classification, Eruption Types of Volcanoes) > Flashcards

Volcanology Part 1 (Anatomy, Classification, Eruption Types of Volcanoes) Flashcards

1
Q

The study of volcanoes and its materials and processes.

A

aba pag hindi m pa ‘to nasagot aywan ko na lang

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2
Q

A person who engages in the study of volcanology.

A

Volcanologist

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3
Q

A naturally occurring landform produced where lava erupts onto Earth’s surface.

A

Volcano

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4
Q

Lighter materials tends to ____? Especially if there is no pressure hindering it.

A

Rise

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5
Q

Where do Volcanoes erupt?

A

Pacific Ring of Fire
Hotspots
Spreading Centers

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6
Q

a 40,000 km-long zone bordering much of the Pacific Plate and tracing the boundaries of the Indo-Australian, Philippine, North American, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Caribbean, Nazca, and South American Plates.

A

Pacific Ring of Fire

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7
Q

The surface manifestation of hot mantle plumes rising from the mantle, which is believed to originate from the boundary of the mantle and outer core.

A

Hotspots

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8
Q

Mantle plumes originally have “heads” which intrude and create ____? It is a large expanse of area which resulted from voluminous outflow of basaltic lava that can last up to millions of years.

A

Flood Basalts

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9
Q

When these mantle plumes intrude in the middle of plates, what happens?

A

Can result in a trail of volcanoes and can leave the older trails extinct as it progresses.

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10
Q

Hotspot Classification

A
  1. Core-mantle boundary origin
  2. Upper mantle origin
  3. Lithospheric origin
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11
Q

What is the reason why there is a trail of islands in Hawaii?

A

Due to the Pacific plate moving over a mantle plume (hot spot)

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12
Q

Regions where divergent plate boundaries spread and produce juvenile magma material, creating submarine volcanoes.

A

Spreading Centers

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13
Q

An opening on a volcano where a conduit or a pipe terminates.

A

Vent

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14
Q

A circular pipe where magma movement is localized.

A

Conduit

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15
Q

A funnel-shaped depression found at the summit of most volcanoes.

A

Crater

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16
Q

A small cone-shaped volcano formed from a flank eruption from the main volcano.

A

Parasitic Cone

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17
Q

A large underground region of magma that supplies the volcano.

A

Magma Chamber

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18
Q

According to the shape of the volcano

A

Morphology

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19
Q

According to the eruptive history of a volcano

A

Activity and HIstory

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20
Q

The local and international classification for volcanoes

A

Local - PHIVOLCS
International - USGS

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21
Q

Classifications of Volcanoes

A

Shield Volcano
Stratovolcano
Pyroclastic Cone
Caldera*
Supervolcano*

22
Q

Produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas and exhibit the shape of a broad, slightly domed structured that resembles a warrior’s shield, 15 degrees or less.

A

Shield Volcano

23
Q

Also called composite volcanoes, built from interlayered tephra and lava flows. Gradually sloping, 10 to 30 degrees and considered as most dangerous and eruptive.

A

Stratovolcano

24
Q

Composed mostly of loose ejected ash, and some lava, appearing relatively symmetrical and steeply built, with large, deep craters, with most being produced by a single eruptive event.

A

Pyroclastic Cones

25
Q

Dominantly composed of vesicular, basaltic material.

A

Scoria Cones

26
Q

Composed of various compositions.

A

Cinder Cones

27
Q

A large depression, >1km in diameter, typically caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano following a violent eruption, or due to depletion of the magma chamber.

A

Caldera

28
Q

A volcano that had an eruptive history that reached VEI 8.

A

Supervolcano

29
Q

A massive caldera complex in Wyoming, USA, famous for its supervolcano eruptions primarily due to it being hotspot that produces due to it being hotspot that produces acidic magma and lava.

A

Yellowstone Supervolcano

30
Q

Classification of Volcanoes (PHIVOLCS)

A

Active Volcano
Potentially Active Volcano
Inactive Volcano

31
Q

Had a recorded eruption for the past 600 years, and has datable material since 10,000 years ago.

A

Active Volcano

32
Q

Geomorphologically young volcano that is currently not erupting, but is supposed to erupt again.

A

Potentially Active Volcano

33
Q

Has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years, and is not expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

A

Inactive Volcano

34
Q

Classification of Volcanoes (USGS)

A

Active Volcano
Dormant Volcano
Extinct Volcano

35
Q

Difference of the three classification (USGS)

A

Active Volcano - Had at least one eruption in the past 10,000 years.
Dormant Volcano - No historically recorded eruption or had not erupted in thousands of years, but is likely to erupt in the future.
Extinct Volcano - Had not erupted within recorded history.

36
Q

A systematic classification of volcanic eruptions based on observations during an eruption.

A

VEI (Volcanology Explosivity Index)

37
Q

What is included in the VEI

A

Tephra volume (m³)
Column height
Eruption type
Description
Duration

38
Q

Quiet eruptions

A

Effusive

39
Q

Loud eruptions

A

Explosive

40
Q

Magma-driven

A

Magmatic

41
Q

Steam-driven

A

Phreatic

42
Q

Combination of Magmatic and Phreatic

A

Phreatomagmatic

43
Q

Effusive, quiet eruptions that produce large volumes of very hot, thin, runny lava and extrudes via fissures.

A

Icelandic

44
Q

Are similar with Icelandic eruptions, effusive eruptions of large volumes of very hot, thin, runny lava but originates from vents of the volcanoes.

A

Hawaiian

45
Q

Are more explosive eruptions that shoot thicker lava along with a burst of steam, gas and ash that spatters molten lava.

A

Strombolian

46
Q

Are series of discrete, loud eruptions in “throat-clearing,” canon-like explosions that shoots high velocity blocks, and bombs.

A

Vulcanian

47
Q

Also called Nuée Ardente eruptions, occur when large amount of tephra, gas, and lava are erupted laterally from the crater, producing “glowing” avalanches.

A

Pelean

48
Q

are very large, explosive eruptions that involves very viscous magma and produce very large volumes of ash and tephra that can cover a very wide area.

A

Plinian

49
Q

Occur when water is heated even without contact with magma, and erupts as a mixture of hot water and steam. A common example occurs with geysers

A

Phreatic

50
Q

also called Surtseyan, are explosive eruptions that occur when water interacts with magma and violently bursts into steam and volumes of ash.

A

Phreatomagmatic

Petrology (16 decks)

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