Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Question 1

Where the volcanoes are found?

Answer 1

At destructive and constructive plate margins.

Question 2

Volcano at destructive plate margin

Answer 2

The magma rises trough cracks in the crust called vents.

Question 3

Volcano at constructive plate margin

Answer 3

The magma rises up into the gap.

Question 4

When the earthquakes occur?

Answer 4

At all three types of plate margin.

Question 5

Earthquakes

Answer 5

Caused by tension that builds up at all three types of plate margin. Destructive-plate gets stuck. Constructive-along cracks within the plates. Conservative-plates grind and get stuck. This causes vibrations.

Question 6

Focus of earthquake

Answer 6

The shock waves spread out from the focus. The point in the earth where the earthquake starts.

Question 7

The epicenter

Answer 7

is the point on the Earth’s surface, straight above the focus.

Question 8

Magnitude scale

Answer 8

Earthquakes are measured by the magnitude scale.

Question 9

Primary effects of earthquakes

Answer 9

Immediate impacts of the ground shaking.

• buildings and bridges collapses
• people injured, killed by buildings
• roads, railways, ports, airports are damaged
• electricity cables, gas, water pipes are damaged

Question 10

Secondary effects of earthquakes

Answer 10

Happen later on, as a result of the primary effects.

• triggers landslides, tsunamis
• leaking gas, starting fire
• homeless people could die
• shortage of clean water, lack of sanitation
• unemployment, lost of tourists
• repairs, reconstruction-very expensive

Question 11

Immediate responses to earthquakes

Answer 11

Have to be dealt imminently to stop further loss of life

• rescue trapped people
• recover dead bodies to prevent spread of diseases
• set temporary shelter
• provide water, food and medical treatment

Question 12

Long-term responses to earthquakes

Answer 12

Dealt with the longer term.

• re-house people
• reconstruct, repair buildings
• reconnect broken communications
• improve the resistance of buildings
• economic recovery(promoting tourism)

Question 13

Primary effects of volcano

Answer 13

• buildings and roads are destroyed by lava
• people injured or killed
• crops are damaged and water is contaminated
• people and animals are suffocated by volcanic gases

Question 14

Secondary effects of volcano

Answer 14

• mud flows, when volcanic material mixes with water
• flooding, hot rocks melt ice or snow
• lack of tourism
• people are homeless
• recovery after eruption takes a long time, money

Question 15

Immediate responses to volacno

Answer 15

• evacuate people before eruption
• provide food, drink, shelter
• treat injured people
• rescue people

Question 16

Long-term responses to volacano

Answer 16

• rebuild, resettle affected buildings
• repair and reconnect infrastructure
• improve monitoring and evacuation plans
• boosting the economy