Economic development in the UK Flashcards
De-industrialization caused…
fewer jobs are available in manufacturing and primary sector.
Globalisation
- lots of manufacturing moved overseas
- trade with other countries is increasingly important part of GDP
Government policies
Decisions on investment in new infrastructure and technology and support for businesses affect how well the economy grows.
The UK’s economy is…
post-industrial.
In 2011 tertiary and…
quaternary sectors employed 81 percent of the UK’s workforce.
Quaternary industries are found:
- on the outskirts of cities near good transport links
- close to housing for the workforce
- near universities, so they have access to university research
Why is quaternary industry growing?
- growing demand for high-tech products
- The UK has a large number of strong research universities
The decline in heavy industry had a greater impact on…
the north of the UK, but the growth of the post-industrial services has mostly benefited south.
In general economic and…
social indicators tend to be better in the south than the north. This is a north-south divide.
Wages in the north are…
lower than the south. It is up 40 percent.
Health is generally worse in the…
north than the south. E.g. life expectancy is 2.5 years higher in the south.
GCSE results are better in…
south than north.
Crossrail to reduce the divide
- create 55, 000 jobs during construction
- increase central London’s rail capacity by 10 percent
- 40 new stations
- people have better access to work
Roads to reduce the divide
- 6 billion pounds will be invested in the north
- this will encourage industrial location as it will reduce the cost associated with longer transport times
Northen Powerhouse
Government’s plan to reduce inequality between south and north by attracting investors to the North.
55 Enterprise zones in the north
- tax breaks
- improved infrastructure
- financial benefits-future bills can be reduced
Changing rural areas
In western Cumbria, a population in some villages decreased. This is because there are fewer jobs-manufacturing and agriculture are big industries in Cumbria on a decline.
Important transport networks in the UK
- capacity on motorways is being increased by adding extra lines
- crossrail will increase capacity and allow faster journeys
- airports-new runway is needed in the south-east as existing airports are full
- ports-new London Gateway is operating at the mouth of Thems river.
UK’s strong links to other countries
- particularly significant links with USA, Europe and Asia
- a transport-Channel tunnel between France and UK
- most of the trans-Atlantic cables are routed via the UK
- UK is part of EU
- part of commonwealth association, which improves the well-being of everyone
Modern industrial developments are more…
environmentally sustainable, because of more strict regulations, increased awareness and increasing costs of energy and waste disposal.
