volatile oils Flashcards
Are the odoriferous principles found in various plant parts.
VOLATILE OILS
It represents the essences or the odoriferous constituents of the plants.
VOLATILE OILS
Volatile oils are known as:
ETHEREAL/ESSENTIAL OILS
Volatile Oils are soluble in
ETHER
ALCOHOL
MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS
▪ Dried plant materials
▪ Turpentine oil
WATER DISTILLATION
▪ Either dried or fresh plant materials
▪ Cinnamon oil, Clove oil
WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION
▪ Fresh plant materials
▪ Peppermint oil, Spearmint Oil
DIRECT STEAM DISTILLATION
Methods for obtaining Volatile oils
WATER DISTILLATION
WATER AND STEAM DISTILLATION
DIRECT STEAM DISTILLATION
Other METHODS
ECUELLE METHOD
ENFLEURAGE METHOD
EXTRACTION
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION (DRY DISTILLATION)
- Trough Line
▪ Removing of citrus oils
ECUELLE METHOD
– Glass Plate
▪ Flower petals
▪ bland fat/fixed oils and alcohol
ENFLEURAGE METHOD
– Perfumery industry
▪ Uniform temperature
▪ Expensive
EXTRACTION
Oil used in Destructive Distillation
EMPYREUMATIC OILS
When the wood resin is heated without access of air, decomposition takes place and a number of volatile compounds are driven off, the resultant mass is Charcoal.
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION (DRY DISTILLATION)
Composition of Volatile Oils
TERPENES OR SESQUITERPENES
ESTERS AND ALCOHOL
ALCOHOLS
ALDEHYDES
KETONES
PHENOLS
ETHERS
Terpenes Sources
TEA TREE
TURPENTINE
JUNIPER
Terpenes Constituents
PINENE
CAMPHENE
CANDINENE
GUAIACOL
CRESOL
Esters and Alcohols Sources
LAVENDER
PEPPERMINT
ROSEMARY
BERGAMOT
PUMILIO PINE
Esters and Alcohols Constituents
BORNYL ACETATE
LINALYL ACETATE
MENTHYL ACETATE
BORNEOL
LINALOL
MENTHOL
Alcohols Sources
CARDAMOM
CORIANDER
ROSE GERANIUM
OTTO OF ROSE
SANDALWOOD
ORANGE FLOWER
Alcohols Constituents
LINALOL
GERANIOL
CITRONELLOL
SANTALOL
Aldehydes Sources
CINNAMON
CASSIA
CITRONELLA/LEMON GRASS
LEMON
ORANGE
Aldehydes Constituents
CINNAMALDEHYDE
CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE
CITRONELLAL
CITRAL
Ketones Sources
SPEARMINT
CARAWAY
CEDAR LEAF
DILL
SAGE
WARMWOOD
Ketones Constituents
CARVONE
THUJONE
Phenols Sources
CLOVE
CINNAMON
THYME
HORSEMINT
AJOWAN
Phenols Constituents
EUGENOL
THYMOL
Ethers Sources
ANISE/STAR ANISE
CAMPHOR
CAJUPUT
EUCALYPTUS
FENNEL
NUTMEG
PARSLEY
INDIAN DILL
Ethers Constituents
ANETHOLE
CINEOLE
Non Terpenoids Sources
MUSTARD
WINTERGREEN
BITTER ALMOND
Non Terpenoids Constituents
GLUCOSINOLATES
METHYL SALICYLATE
BENZALDEHYDE
HYDROCYANIDE
It is based primarily on the use of volatile oils, either singly or in admixture.
AROMATHERAPY
Drops of oil are added to the water and vigorously mixed.
BATHS
Volatile oils are mixed with suitable carrier – Fixed oils
COMPRESS AND MASSAGE
are available in addition to the traditional steam inhalation or use of the handkerchief or tissue.
INHALATION VAPORIZERS AND BURNERS
Other Drugs Containing Volatile Oils
ALLSPICE
ANGELICA
BLACK PEPPER
CAMOMILE
CELERY
CHENOPODIUM
FIVE-LEAVED CHASTE TREE
GARLIC
HYPTIS
LOVE GRASS
MAYANA
MUGWORT
NGAI-CAMPHOR
OREGANO
PATCHOULI
PINE ROSIN
PREMNA
SAMPAGUITA
SWEET BAY
VETIVER
