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glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

upon hydrolysis yield one or more sugars in addition to a nonsugar component known as aglycone, and the sugar component is called as glycone.

A

glycosides

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2
Q

most numerous glycosides found in nature.

A

O-glycosides

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3
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Sulfur

A

S-glycosides

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4
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Nitrogen

A

N-glycosides

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5
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Carbon

A

C-glycosides

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6
Q

are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and they play an important role in the regulatory, protective, and sanitary functions of plants.

A

Glycosides

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7
Q

only glycosides that occur in plants

A

Beta-forms

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8
Q

the most frequently occurring sugar and primarily exists in plants

A

B-glucose

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9
Q

most frequent occurring glycoside

A

D-glucose

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10
Q

Also known as Cardiac glycosides

A

CARDIOACTIVE (STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES)

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11
Q

Characterized by their highly specific and powerful action on cardiac muscles.

A

Cardiac glycosides

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12
Q

Increases the force of systolic contractions.

The therapeutic efficiency depends both on the structure of the aglycone and the type and number of sugar units to which it is attached.

A

Cardiac glycosides

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13
Q

Sugar derivatives of glycosides

A

Glucuronic acid
Galacturonic acid

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14
Q

Some sugars found in cardiac glycosides

A

Glucose
Rhamnose
Deoxy sugar

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15
Q

Rare sugars found in cardiac glycosides

A

Digitalose
Digitoxose
Cyramose

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16
Q

Source of Digitoxin, Digitonin, Digitalin

A

Digitalis/Foxglove

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17
Q

Source of Convallarin, Convallatoxin, Convallamarin

A

Lily of the Valley root/Convalla root

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18
Q

Source of Scillain, Scillitoxin

A

Squill

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19
Q

Source of Strophantin, Strophantic acid

A

Strophantus

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20
Q

Other sources of cardiac glycosides

A

Asiatic hydrocotyl
Pandacaqui
Periwinkle
Ouabin
Yellow Bells

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21
Q

Are glycosides in which the aglycones are anthracene derivatives

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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22
Q

are Stimulant cathartics or purgatives

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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23
Q

Increases the tone of the smooth muscles in the cell wall of the colon and stimulate the secretion of water and electrolytes into the large intestine.

A

Anthraquinone Glycosides

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24
Q

Habit-forming laxative dependence and loss of normal bowel function.

A

Anthraquinone Glycosides

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25
Sources of Anthraquinone Glycosides
Frangula Aloe Rhubarb Sacred bark Senna
26
Constituents of Anthraquinone Glycosides
Anthraquinones Anthranols and Anthrones Oxanthrols Dianthrones Alloin-type/C-glycosides
27
Yield aglycone known as Sapogenin – Steroid/Hiterpenoid
Saponin Glycosides
28
Plant materials containing saponins have long been used for their
detergent properties
29
Characterized by forming colloidal solutions in water with foam upon shaking in an aqueous solution.
Saponin Glycosides
30
Hemolytic properties and when injected into the blood stream are highly toxic, causing the RBC to disintegrate, especially to cold- blooded animals. – fish poisons
Saponin Glycosides
31
poisonous saponins
Sapotoxins
32
When taken orally, saponins are comparatively nontoxic.
TRUE
33
It is rich in saponins, but it is widely used as a flavoring of pharmaceuticals and beverages
Sarsaparilla
34
Sources of Saponin Glycosides
Sarsaparilla Ginseng Glycyrrhiza/Licorice root
35
Other sources of Saponin Glycosides
Senega Soap Bark
36
Glycosides yielding hydrocyanic acid as one of the products of hydrolysis.
Cyanophore Glycosides
37
Cyanophore glycosides are also known as
Cyanogenic glycosides
38
a chemical defense response to organisms damaging the plant tissue when feeding on intact plant parts or attacking the plant through a site of injury.
Cyanogenesis
39
most widely distributed cyanophore glycoside
Amygdalin
40
common cyanophore glycoside
Mandelonitrile (Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin)
41
Sources of amygdalin
Bitter Almonds Apricot pits
42
Sources of Prunasin (D- Mandelonitrile)
Wild Cherry/Wild Black Cherry Tree
43
Source of Mannihotoxin
Cassava
44
Also known as Glucosinolate
Isothiocyanate Glycosides
45
Act as feeding deterrents against insects and mammals.
ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES
46
It is anticarcinigenic
ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES
47
Canola oil
Oilseeds (rapeseed)
48
Mustard, Horseradish
Condiments
49
Broccoli, Cabbage, Turnips
Vegetables
50
Sources of Sinigrin
Black mustard
51
Source of Sinalbin
White Mustard
52
Generally termed as Flavonoids (Flavone, Isoflavone, Flavonol and Flavanone)
Flavonol Glycosides
53
Widely distributed in nature in the free state or as glycosides but are more common in higher plants particularly in red, blue, of yellow pigments of flowers and fruits.
Flavonol Glycoside
54
Sources of Rutin
Buckwheat and Rue
55
Source of Quercitrin
Quercus tinctoria
56
Upon hydrolysis, Salicin from Willow and Poplar barks yields Salicyl alcohol (Saligenin ) and Glucose.
Alcohol Glycoside
57
species of Salix and Populus
Salicin
58
It is antirheumatic and an analgesic
Salicin
59
Other sources of Alcohol Glycosides
Hamamelis Mezereum Viburnum Xanthoxyllum
60
What does Salicin from Willow and Poplar barks yield Upon hydrolysis
Salicyl alcohol (Saligenin ) and Glucose.
61
a derivative of benzo-a-pyrone has been found in about 150 species belonging to over 30 different families.
Coumarine
62
Uterine sedatives
Lactone glycosides
63
Source of Coumarin
Tonka seeds
64
source of Santonin
santonica
65
source of Cantharidin
cantharides
66
Formerly use as flavoring agent, anticoagulant
seeds
67
Antispasmodics
barks
68
Aglycone group of many of the naturally- occurring glycosides are phenolic in character.
Phenol glycosides
69
Source of – Arbutin o Antiseptic, Astringent
Uva Ursi (Bearberry)
70
Source of Phloridzin
Root barks of Rosaceous plants
71
source of Baptisin
baptisia
72
source of Iridin
iris species
73
Consist of glucose combined with Hydroxybenzaldehyde, thus representing a glycoside having an aldehyde aglycone.
Aldehyde Glycosides
74
Source of Vanillin
Vanilla Bean
75
System of naming glycosides
Trivial names end in IN
76
Sugar component • If the glycone group of a glycoside is glucose, then the molecule is glucoside. If fructose, then the molecule is fructoside.
By Glycone
77
Non-Sugar component • Glycosides are also classified according to the chemical nature of the aglycone. For the purpose of biochemistry and pharmacology, this is the most useful classification.
By Aglycone
78
• Glycosides are classified as a glycosides/ß- glycosides. • Some enzymes such as a-amylase can only hydrolyzed a-linkages. • Others such as emulsin, can affect ß- linkages.
By the type of Glycosidic bond
79
Vitamin P/Permeability Factor Indication for capillary bleeding and increased capillary fragility
Rutin and Hesperidin
80
Citrus fruits
Hesperidin
81
Citrus Bioflavonoids
Hesperidin Hesperitin Diosmin Naringen
82
As dietary supplement
Rutin and Citrus Flavonoids
83
Milk Thistle
Ripe fruits of Silybum marianum
84
Supportive treatment for chronic inflammatory liver conditions and cirrhosis.
Silymarin
85
Bitter in Taste
Gentian Quassia
86
Sweet in Taste
Glycyrrhiza
87
Coloring Agents
Annatto tree Cochineal Cudbear Crocus Haematoxylon Litmus Red saunders Turmeric
88
Natural Principles
Fish Berry
89
With Volatile Oils
Arnica Calamus Capsicum
90
With Fixed Oils
Lily of the valley Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow/Niogniyogan/ Quisqualis
91
Other Glycosidal Drug
Prayer bean

PPC D (14 decks)

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