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PPC D > glycosides > Flashcards

glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

upon hydrolysis yield one or more sugars in addition to a nonsugar component known as aglycone, and the sugar component is called as glycone.

A

glycosides

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2
Q

most numerous glycosides found in nature.

A

O-glycosides

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3
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Sulfur

A

S-glycosides

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4
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Nitrogen

A

N-glycosides

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5
Q

glycosides occur in which the linkage is through Carbon

A

C-glycosides

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6
Q

are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and they play an important role in the regulatory, protective, and sanitary functions of plants.

A

Glycosides

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7
Q

only glycosides that occur in plants

A

Beta-forms

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8
Q

the most frequently occurring sugar and primarily exists in plants

A

B-glucose

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9
Q

most frequent occurring glycoside

A

D-glucose

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10
Q

Also known as Cardiac glycosides

A

CARDIOACTIVE (STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDES)

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11
Q

Characterized by their highly specific and powerful action on cardiac muscles.

A

Cardiac glycosides

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12
Q

Increases the force of systolic contractions.

The therapeutic efficiency depends both on the structure of the aglycone and the type and number of sugar units to which it is attached.

A

Cardiac glycosides

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13
Q

Sugar derivatives of glycosides

A

Glucuronic acid
Galacturonic acid

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14
Q

Some sugars found in cardiac glycosides

A

Glucose
Rhamnose
Deoxy sugar

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15
Q

Rare sugars found in cardiac glycosides

A

Digitalose
Digitoxose
Cyramose

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16
Q

Source of Digitoxin, Digitonin, Digitalin

A

Digitalis/Foxglove

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17
Q

Source of Convallarin, Convallatoxin, Convallamarin

A

Lily of the Valley root/Convalla root

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18
Q

Source of Scillain, Scillitoxin

A

Squill

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19
Q

Source of Strophantin, Strophantic acid

A

Strophantus

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20
Q

Other sources of cardiac glycosides

A

Asiatic hydrocotyl
Pandacaqui
Periwinkle
Ouabin
Yellow Bells

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21
Q

Are glycosides in which the aglycones are anthracene derivatives

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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22
Q

are Stimulant cathartics or purgatives

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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23
Q

Increases the tone of the smooth muscles in the cell wall of the colon and stimulate the secretion of water and electrolytes into the large intestine.

A

Anthraquinone Glycosides

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24
Q

Habit-forming laxative dependence and loss of normal bowel function.

A

Anthraquinone Glycosides

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25
Q

Sources of Anthraquinone Glycosides

A

Frangula
Aloe
Rhubarb
Sacred bark
Senna

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26
Q

Constituents of Anthraquinone Glycosides

A

Anthraquinones
Anthranols and Anthrones
Oxanthrols
Dianthrones
Alloin-type/C-glycosides

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27
Q

Yield aglycone known as Sapogenin – Steroid/Hiterpenoid

A

Saponin Glycosides

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28
Q

Plant materials containing saponins have long been used for their

A

detergent properties

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29
Q

Characterized by forming colloidal solutions in water with foam upon shaking in an aqueous solution.

A

Saponin Glycosides

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30
Q

Hemolytic properties and when injected into the blood stream are highly toxic, causing the RBC to disintegrate, especially to cold- blooded animals. – fish poisons

A

Saponin Glycosides

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31
Q

poisonous saponins

A

Sapotoxins

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32
Q

When taken orally, saponins are
comparatively nontoxic.

A

TRUE

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33
Q

It is rich in saponins, but it is
widely used as a flavoring of pharmaceuticals and beverages

A

Sarsaparilla

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34
Q

Sources of Saponin Glycosides

A

Sarsaparilla
Ginseng
Glycyrrhiza/Licorice root

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35
Q

Other sources of Saponin Glycosides

A

Senega
Soap Bark

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36
Q

Glycosides yielding hydrocyanic acid as one of the products of hydrolysis.

A

Cyanophore Glycosides

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37
Q

Cyanophore glycosides are also known as

A

Cyanogenic glycosides

38
Q

a chemical defense response to organisms damaging the plant tissue when feeding on intact plant parts or
attacking the plant through a site of injury.

A

Cyanogenesis

39
Q

most widely distributed cyanophore glycoside

A

Amygdalin

40
Q

common cyanophore glycoside

A

Mandelonitrile (Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin)

41
Q

Sources of amygdalin

A

Bitter Almonds
Apricot pits

42
Q

Sources of Prunasin (D- Mandelonitrile)

A

Wild Cherry/Wild Black Cherry Tree

43
Q

Source of Mannihotoxin

A

Cassava

44
Q

Also known as Glucosinolate

A

Isothiocyanate Glycosides

45
Q

Act as feeding deterrents against insects and mammals.

A

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

46
Q

It is anticarcinigenic

A

ISOTHIOCYANATE GLYCOSIDES

47
Q

Canola oil

A

Oilseeds (rapeseed)

48
Q

Mustard, Horseradish

A

Condiments

49
Q

Broccoli, Cabbage, Turnips

A

Vegetables

50
Q

Sources of Sinigrin

A

Black mustard

51
Q

Source of Sinalbin

A

White Mustard

52
Q

Generally termed as Flavonoids (Flavone, Isoflavone, Flavonol and Flavanone)

A

Flavonol Glycosides

53
Q

Widely distributed in nature in the free state or as glycosides but are more common in higher plants particularly in red, blue, of yellow pigments of flowers and fruits.

A

Flavonol Glycoside

54
Q

Sources of Rutin

A

Buckwheat and Rue

55
Q

Source of Quercitrin

A

Quercus tinctoria

56
Q

Upon hydrolysis, Salicin from Willow and Poplar barks yields Salicyl alcohol (Saligenin ) and Glucose.

A

Alcohol Glycoside

57
Q

species of Salix and Populus

A

Salicin

58
Q

It is antirheumatic and an analgesic

A

Salicin

59
Q

Other sources of Alcohol Glycosides

A

Hamamelis
Mezereum
Viburnum
Xanthoxyllum

60
Q

What does Salicin from Willow and Poplar barks yield Upon hydrolysis

A

Salicyl alcohol (Saligenin ) and Glucose.

61
Q

a derivative of benzo-a-pyrone
has been found in about 150 species belonging to over 30 different families.

A

Coumarine

62
Q

Uterine sedatives

A

Lactone glycosides

63
Q

Source of Coumarin

A

Tonka seeds

64
Q

source of Santonin

A

santonica

65
Q

source of Cantharidin

A

cantharides

66
Q

Formerly use as flavoring agent, anticoagulant

A

seeds

67
Q

Antispasmodics

A

barks

68
Q

Aglycone group of many of the naturally- occurring glycosides are phenolic in character.

A

Phenol glycosides

69
Q

Source of – Arbutin o Antiseptic, Astringent

A

Uva Ursi (Bearberry)

70
Q

Source of Phloridzin

A

Root barks of Rosaceous plants

71
Q

source of Baptisin

A

baptisia

72
Q

source of Iridin

A

iris species

73
Q

Consist of glucose combined with Hydroxybenzaldehyde, thus representing a glycoside having an aldehyde aglycone.

A

Aldehyde Glycosides

74
Q

Source of Vanillin

A

Vanilla Bean

75
Q

System of naming glycosides

A

Trivial names end in IN

76
Q

Sugar component
• If the glycone group of a glycoside is glucose, then the molecule is glucoside. If fructose, then the molecule is fructoside.

A

By Glycone

77
Q

Non-Sugar component
• Glycosides are also classified according to the chemical nature of the aglycone.

For the purpose of biochemistry and pharmacology, this is the most useful classification.

A

By Aglycone

78
Q

• Glycosides are classified as a glycosides/ß- glycosides.
• Some enzymes such as a-amylase can only hydrolyzed a-linkages.
• Others such as emulsin, can affect ß- linkages.

A

By the type of Glycosidic bond

79
Q

Vitamin P/Permeability Factor

Indication for capillary bleeding and increased capillary fragility

A

Rutin and Hesperidin

80
Q

Citrus fruits

A

Hesperidin

81
Q

Citrus Bioflavonoids

A

Hesperidin
Hesperitin
Diosmin
Naringen

82
Q

As dietary supplement

A

Rutin and Citrus Flavonoids

83
Q

Milk Thistle

A

Ripe fruits of Silybum marianum

84
Q

Supportive treatment for chronic inflammatory liver conditions and cirrhosis.

A

Silymarin

85
Q

Bitter in Taste

A

Gentian
Quassia

86
Q

Sweet in Taste

A

Glycyrrhiza

87
Q

Coloring Agents

A

Annatto tree
Cochineal
Cudbear
Crocus
Haematoxylon
Litmus
Red saunders
Turmeric

88
Q

Natural Principles

A

Fish Berry

89
Q

With Volatile Oils

A

Arnica
Calamus
Capsicum

90
Q

With Fixed Oils

A

Lily of the valley
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow/Niogniyogan/ Quisqualis

91
Q

Other Glycosidal Drug

A

Prayer bean

PPC D (14 decks)

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